महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-258, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
प्राप्तमप्रतिमं दुःखं रामेण भरतर्षभ ।
रक्षसा जानकी तस्य हृता भार्या बलीयसा ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
prāptamapratimaṁ duḥkhaṁ rāmeṇa bharatarṣabha ,
rakṣasā jānakī tasya hṛtā bhāryā balīyasā.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca prāptam apratimam duḥkham rāmeṇa
bharatarṣabha rakṣasā jānakī tasya hṛtā bhāryā balīyasā

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: "O best of Bharatas, Rāma experienced incomparable sorrow. His wife Jānakī was abducted by a powerful demon."

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, reached, experienced

• अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - incomparable, unequalled, peerless

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O great Bharata

• रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - Refers to Rāvaṇa. (by a demon)

• जानकी (jānakī) - Jānakī (Sītā, daughter of Janaka)

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Rāma. (his, of him)

• हृता (hṛtā) - stolen, carried away, abducted

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife, spouse

• बलीयसा (balīyasā) - by a powerful one, by a stronger one

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - descendant of Mṛkaṇḍu, name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense, Indicative Mood

2nd conjugation, parasmaipada. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, reached, experienced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - incomparable, unequalled, peerless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apratima

apratima - incomparable, unequalled, peerless, matchless

Formed with negative prefix 'a-' and 'pratima' (likeness, image)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratima)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pratima – image, likeness, comparison
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkham'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain, unhappiness

From 'dus' (bad) + 'kha' (opening of an axle, space)

Note: The subject of the passive construction 'prāptam'.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a king, hero of Rāmāyaṇa)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'prāptam'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O great Bharata

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas (epithet for kings/heroes)

Compound: 'bharata' + 'ṛṣabha'

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a king, one who supports/maintains
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - Refers to Rāvaṇa. (by a demon)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa, evil being

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'hṛtā'.

जानकी (jānakī) - Jānakī (Sītā, daughter of Janaka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jānakī

jānakī - daughter of Janaka (an epithet for Sītā)

Feminine patronymic from Janaka

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'hṛtā'.

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Rāma. (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Possessive, referring to Rāma.

हृता (hṛtā) - stolen, carried away, abducted

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hṛta

hṛta - stolen, carried off, taken away

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hṛ' (to carry, steal)

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhāryā' and 'jānakī'.

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife, spouse

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Feminine noun from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support), literally 'one to be supported/maintained'

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Jānakī.

बलीयसा (balīyasā) - by a powerful one, by a stronger one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of balīyas

balīyas - stronger, very powerful, more powerful (comparative degree)

Comparative of 'balin' (strong, powerful)

Root: bala