महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-258, verse-4

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कस्मिन्रामः कुले जातः किंवीर्यः किंपराक्रमः ।
रावणः कस्य वा पुत्रः किं वैरं तस्य तेन ह ॥४॥

4. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kasminrāmaḥ kule jātaḥ kiṁvīryaḥ kiṁparākramaḥ ,
rāvaṇaḥ kasya vā putraḥ kiṁ vairaṁ tasya tena ha.

4. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kasmin rāmaḥ kule jātaḥ kiṃvīryaḥ
kiṃparākramaḥ rāvaṇaḥ kasya vā putraḥ kiṃ vairam tasya tena ha

4. Yudhishthira asked: "In which family (kula) was Rama born? What was his valor and what was his prowess? And whose son was Ravana? What was the enmity between him and Rama?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pandava brother, asking the question. (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which, in what

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - The legendary prince of Ayodhya, subject of the inquiry. (Rama)

• कुले (kule) - in the family, in the lineage

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, arisen

• किंवीर्यः (kiṁvīryaḥ) - of what valor, what kind of valor

• किंपराक्रमः (kiṁparākramaḥ) - of what prowess, what kind of power

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - The king of Lanka, antagonist of Rama. (Ravana)

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

• वा (vā) - Emphatic 'and', or connective. (or, and)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• किम् (kim) - what

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Ravana. (his, of him)

• तेन (tena) - Refers to Rama. (by him, with him)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an emphatic particle

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pandava brother, asking the question. (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira, the eldest of the Pandavas

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

From √vac (2nd class), Perfect (lit) third person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which, in what

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

रामः (rāmaḥ) - The legendary prince of Ayodhya, subject of the inquiry. (Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, delightful, pleasing

कुले (kule) - in the family, in the lineage

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From √jan (4th class) 'to be born, to produce'

Root: jan (class 4)

किंवीर्यः (kiṁvīryaḥ) - of what valor, what kind of valor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṃvīrya

kiṁvīrya - of what valor, what kind of strength

Bahuvrīhi compound: kim (what) + vīrya (valor)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kim+vīrya)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• vīrya – valor, prowess, strength, heroism
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective qualifying Rāma.

किंपराक्रमः (kiṁparākramaḥ) - of what prowess, what kind of power

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṃparākrama

kiṁparākrama - of what prowess, what kind of power

Bahuvrīhi compound: kim (what) + parākrama (prowess)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kim+parākrama)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• parākrama – prowess, valor, heroism, might
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: parā

Note: Adjective qualifying Rāma.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - The king of Lanka, antagonist of Rama. (Ravana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana, the demon king of Lanka

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - Emphatic 'and', or connective. (or, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: As a pronoun, functions as interrogative.

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, revenge

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Ravana. (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

तेन (tena) - Refers to Rama. (by him, with him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an emphatic particle

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.