महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-24, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्मिन्दशार्हाधिपतौ प्रयाते युधिष्ठिरो भीमसेनार्जुनौ च ।
यमौ च कृष्णा च पुरोहितश्च रथान्महार्हान्परमाश्वयुक्तान् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasmindaśārhādhipatau prayāte; yudhiṣṭhiro bhīmasenārjunau ca ,
yamau ca kṛṣṇā ca purohitaśca; rathānmahārhānparamāśvayuktān.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tasmin daśārha-adhipatau
prayāte yudhiṣṭhiraḥ bhīmasena-arjunau
ca yamau ca kṛṣṇā ca purohitaḥ
ca rathān mahā-arhān parama-aśva-yuktān

1. Vaishampayana said: When the lord of the Dasharhas (Krishna) had departed, Yudhishthira, Bhimasena, Arjuna, the two twins (Nakula and Sahadeva), Draupadi, and the priest (Dhaumya) [had prepared] very valuable chariots, yoked with excellent horses.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaishampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that, when that

• दशार्ह-अधिपतौ (daśārha-adhipatau) - to Krishna (to the lord of the Dasharhas)

• प्रयाते (prayāte) - having departed, when he departed, having gone forth

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• भीमसेन-अर्जुनौ (bhīmasena-arjunau) - Bhimasena and Arjuna (the two of them)

• च (ca) - and

• यमौ (yamau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the Pandava twins) (the two Yamas, the twins)

• च (ca) - and

• कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadi

• च (ca) - and

• पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - Dhaumya (the Pandavas' priest) (the priest, the chief priest)

• च (ca) - and

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• महा-अर्हान् (mahā-arhān) - very valuable, very costly, very worthy

• परम-अश्व-युक्तान् (parama-aśva-yuktān) - yoked with excellent horses

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaishampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (Vyasa's disciple and narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that, when that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, referring to Krishna.

दशार्ह-अधिपतौ (daśārha-adhipatau) - to Krishna (to the lord of the Dasharhas)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of daśārha-adhipati

daśārha-adhipati - lord of the Dasharhas

Compound type : tatpurusha (daśārha+adhipati)

• daśārha – a member of the Dasharha clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhipati – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction. Refers to Krishna.

प्रयाते (prayāte) - having departed, when he departed, having gone forth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - departed, gone forth, set out

Past Passive Participle

Formed with prefix pra- and root yā (to go).

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'tasmin daśārha-adhipatau'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (the eldest Pandava brother)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, immovable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects.

भीमसेन-अर्जुनौ (bhīmasena-arjunau) - Bhimasena and Arjuna (the two of them)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhīmasenārjuna

bhīmasenārjuna - Bhimasena and Arjuna

Compound type : dvandva (bhīmasena+arjuna)

• bhīmasena – Bhimasena (the second Pandava)
  proper noun (masculine)
• arjuna – Arjuna (the third Pandava)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Two of the subjects.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

यमौ (yamau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the Pandava twins) (the two Yamas, the twins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yama

yama - twin, pair, restraint, Yama (god of death)

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadi

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadi (the wife of the Pandavas, literally 'dark-skinned')

Note: One of the subjects.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - Dhaumya (the Pandavas' priest) (the priest, the chief priest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - priest, chief priest, chaplain

Formed with puras (before) + dhā (to place).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: One of the subjects. Refers to Dhaumya, the priest of the Pandavas.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of the implied verb 'prepared' or 'mounted' (from the next verse).

महा-अर्हान् (mahā-arhān) - very valuable, very costly, very worthy

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahā-arha

mahā-arha - very valuable, highly worthy, costly

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+arha)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective
• arha – worthy, deserving, valuable, costly
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rathān.

परम-अश्व-युक्तान् (parama-aśva-yuktān) - yoked with excellent horses

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parama-aśva-yukta

parama-aśva-yukta - yoked with excellent horses

Compound type : tatpurusha (parama+aśva+yukta)

• parama – excellent, supreme, highest, best
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree.
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: aś (class 5)
• yukta – yoked, joined, endowed with, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from √yuj (to yoke, to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies rathān.