महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-237, verse-9

अथागम्य तमुद्देशं पाण्डवाः पुरुषर्षभाः ।
सान्त्वपूर्वमयाचन्त शक्ताः सन्तो महारथाः ॥९॥

9. athāgamya tamuddeśaṁ pāṇḍavāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ ,
sāntvapūrvamayācanta śaktāḥ santo mahārathāḥ.

9. atha āgamya tam uddeśam pāṇḍavāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ
sāntvapūrvam ayācanta śaktāḥ santaḥ mahārathāḥ

9. Then, upon reaching that place, the Pāṇḍavas—foremost among men (puruṣa)—though powerful and great charioteers, first tried to conciliate and made a request.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• आगम्य (āgamya) - having come, having arrived, having reached

• तम् (tam) - that

• उद्देशम् (uddeśam) - place, region, country

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

• पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - bulls among men, best among men (puruṣa)

• सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - preceded by conciliation, with conciliatory words

• अयाचन्त (ayācanta) - they implored, they requested, they begged

• शक्ताः (śaktāḥ) - capable, able, strong (śakti)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - being, existing, while being

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, great warriors

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

आगम्य (āgamya) - having come, having arrived, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उद्देशम् (uddeśam) - place, region, country

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uddeśa

uddeśa - place, region, country, indication

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Patronymic derivation from Pāṇḍu.

पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - bulls among men, best among men (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best among men, bull among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - preceded by conciliation, with conciliatory words

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sāntva+pūrva)

• sāntva – conciliation, soothing, gentle words
  noun (neuter)
• pūrva – before, earlier, prior, preceded by
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adverbial use (neuter accusative singular).

अयाचन्त (ayācanta) - they implored, they requested, they begged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of yāc

Root: yāc (class 1)

शक्ताः (śaktāḥ) - capable, able, strong (śakti)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakta

śakta - able, capable, mighty, strong (related to śakti - power/energy)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śak' (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

सन्तः (santaḥ) - being, existing, while being

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true, real

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be). The base form is 'sant'.

Root: as (class 2)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, great warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting thousands of warriors

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, war-car; a charioteer (often inferred from context)
  noun (masculine)