महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-237, verse-4

पराजयं च प्राप्ताः स्म रणे बन्धनमेव च ।
सभृत्यामात्यपुत्राश्च सदारधनवाहनाः ।
उच्चैराकाशमार्गेण ह्रियामस्तैः सुदुःखिताः ॥४॥

4. parājayaṁ ca prāptāḥ sma raṇe bandhanameva ca ,
sabhṛtyāmātyaputrāśca sadāradhanavāhanāḥ ,
uccairākāśamārgeṇa hriyāmastaiḥ suduḥkhitāḥ.

4. parājayam ca prāptāḥ sma raṇe bandhanam
eva ca sa-bhṛtya-āmātya-putrāḥ
ca sa-dāra-dhana-vāhanāḥ uccaiḥ
ākāśa-mārgeṇa hriyāmaḥ taiḥ su-duḥkhitāḥ

4. We have suffered defeat and imprisonment in battle. Along with our servants, ministers, sons, wives, wealth, and vehicles, we are being carried away by them, high through the sky, utterly distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• पराजयम् (parājayam) - defeat, vanquishment

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - obtained, reached, met with, acquired

• स्म (sma) - indeed, truly; (with present tense verb) forms past tense

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• बन्धनम् (bandhanam) - binding, imprisonment, captivity

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite so

• च (ca) - and, also

• स-भृत्य-आमात्य-पुत्राः (sa-bhṛtya-āmātya-putrāḥ) - with servants, ministers, and sons

• च (ca) - and, also

• स-दार-धन-वाहनाः (sa-dāra-dhana-vāhanāḥ) - with wives, wealth, and vehicles

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - high, aloft, loudly

• आकाश-मार्गेण (ākāśa-mārgeṇa) - through the aerial path (through the sky-path, by way of the sky)

• ह्रियामः (hriyāmaḥ) - we are being carried away, we are being taken

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• सु-दुःखिताः (su-duḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed, very miserable

Words meanings and morphology

पराजयम् (parājayam) - defeat, vanquishment

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, vanquishment, subjugation

Derived from `parā` (prefix) + `ji` (root) + `a` (suffix).

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - obtained, reached, met with, acquired

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, met with, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Formed from `pra` (prefix) + `āp` (root) + `ta` (suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used with `sma` to indicate past action for 'we' (`vayam`).

स्म (sma) - indeed, truly; (with present tense verb) forms past tense

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, conflict

From root `raṇ` (to rejoice, to sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

बन्धनम् (bandhanam) - binding, imprisonment, captivity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bandhana

bandhana - binding, tying, imprisonment, bond, knot

From root `bandh` (to bind) + `ana` (suffix).

Root: bandh (class 9)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite so

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

स-भृत्य-आमात्य-पुत्राः (sa-bhṛtya-āmātya-putrāḥ) - with servants, ministers, and sons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sa-bhṛtya-āmātya-putra

sa-bhṛtya-āmātya-putra - accompanied by servants, ministers, and sons

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (sa+bhṛtya+āmātya+putra)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with
  indeclinable (prefix)
• bhṛtya – servant, dependant, paid worker
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + tya (suffix)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• āmātya – minister, counselor, companion
  noun (masculine)
  From amā (at home) + tya (suffix).
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: The `putrāḥ` ending takes the plural nominative form agreeing with the implicit subject (we).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

स-दार-धन-वाहनाः (sa-dāra-dhana-vāhanāḥ) - with wives, wealth, and vehicles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sa-dāra-dhana-vāhana

sa-dāra-dhana-vāhana - accompanied by wives, wealth, and vehicles

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (sa+dāra+dhana+vāhana)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with
  indeclinable (prefix)
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhan (class 1)
• vāhana – vehicle, conveyance, mount
  noun (neuter)
  From root vah (to carry) + ana (suffix).
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: The `vāhanāḥ` ending takes the plural nominative form agreeing with the implicit subject (we).

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - high, aloft, loudly

(indeclinable)

From `ud` (up) + `ci` (to collect/heap).

आकाश-मार्गेण (ākāśa-mārgeṇa) - through the aerial path (through the sky-path, by way of the sky)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ākāśa-mārga

ākāśa-mārga - sky-path, aerial path, atmosphere

Compound type : Tatpurusha (ākāśa+mārga)

• ākāśa – sky, space, ether
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
  From root mṛg (to seek).
  Root: mṛg (class 1)

ह्रियामः (hriyāmaḥ) - we are being carried away, we are being taken

(verb)

1st person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of hṛ

Present tense, Passive voice, 1st person plural (non-standard form)

Formed from root `hṛ` (1st class) with passive stem `hriya`. Standard 1st plural passive is `hriyāmahe`. This form `hriyāmaḥ` is likely a poetic variant or a non-standard usage to convey passive sense.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Gāndharvas mentioned in the surrounding context of the Mahābhārata episode.

सु-दुःखिताः (su-duḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed, very miserable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of su-duḥkhita

su-duḥkhita - greatly distressed, very sad, highly grieved

Compound type : Pravādi (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, greatly
  indeclinable (prefix)
• duḥkhita – distressed, grieved, suffering, sad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root duḥkh (to suffer, be sad) + ita (suffix).
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with the implicit subject (we).