महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-237, verse-1

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
अजानतस्ते राधेय नाभ्यसूयाम्यहं वचः ।
जानासि त्वं जिताञ्शत्रून्गन्धर्वांस्तेजसा मया ॥१॥

1. duryodhana uvāca ,
ajānataste rādheya nābhyasūyāmyahaṁ vacaḥ ,
jānāsi tvaṁ jitāñśatrūngandharvāṁstejasā mayā.

1. duryodhanaḥ uvāca ajānataḥ te rādheya na abhyasūyāmi aham
vacaḥ jānāsi tvam jitān śatrūn gandharvān tejasā mayā

1. Duryodhana said: 'O Rādheya, I do not fault your words, for you are unaware. You know that I conquered the Gandharvas, our enemies, with my prowess.'

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• अजानतः (ajānataḥ) - Referring to Karṇa (of one not knowing, ignorant)

• ते (te) - Referring to Karṇa (your, to you)

• राधेय (rādheya) - A vocative address for Karṇa (O son of Rādhā)

• न (na) - not, no

• अभ्यसूयामि (abhyasūyāmi) - Duryodhana stating he does not blame Karṇa (I find fault with, I envy, I blame)

• अहम् (aham) - Referring to Duryodhana (I)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - Refers to Karṇa's speech (words, speech)

• जानासि (jānāsi) - Addressed to Karṇa by Duryodhana (you know)

• त्वम् (tvam) - Referring to Karṇa (you)

• जितान् (jitān) - Refers to the Gandharvas (conquered, vanquished)

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - Refers to the Gandharvas (enemies)

• गन्धर्वान् (gandharvān) - A class of celestial beings (Gandharvas)

• तेजसा (tejasā) - Duryodhana's own prowess (by valor, by prowess, by brilliance)

• मया (mayā) - Referring to Duryodhana (by me)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Formed from root vac, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

अजानतः (ajānataḥ) - Referring to Karṇa (of one not knowing, ignorant)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ajānat

ajānat - not knowing, ignorant, unaware

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jñā (to know) with negative prefix a-

Root: jñā (class 9)

ते (te) - Referring to Karṇa (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

राधेय (rādheya) - A vocative address for Karṇa (O son of Rādhā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (an epithet of Karṇa)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभ्यसूयामि (abhyasūyāmi) - Duryodhana stating he does not blame Karṇa (I find fault with, I envy, I blame)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of asūy

Present Tense

Derived from root asūy, with upasarga abhi, 1st person singular active

Prefix: abhi

Root: asūy (class 10)

अहम् (aham) - Referring to Duryodhana (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, ego (ahaṅkāra)

वचः (vacaḥ) - Refers to Karṇa's speech (words, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, declaration

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Can also be nominative singular.

जानासि (jānāsi) - Addressed to Karṇa by Duryodhana (you know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Tense

Derived from root jñā, 2nd person singular active

Root: jñā (class 9)

त्वम् (tvam) - Referring to Karṇa (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

जितान् (jitān) - Refers to the Gandharvas (conquered, vanquished)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, won, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - Refers to the Gandharvas (enemies)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śat (class 10)

गन्धर्वान् (gandharvān) - A class of celestial beings (Gandharvas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial musicians and warriors)

तेजसा (tejasā) - Duryodhana's own prowess (by valor, by prowess, by brilliance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - radiance, splendor, sharpness, valor, prowess, spiritual energy

Root: tij (class 6)

मया (mayā) - Referring to Duryodhana (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, ego (ahaṅkāra)