महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-65, verse-7

संवादे परुषाण्याहुर्युधिष्ठिर नराधमाः ।
प्रत्याहुर्मध्यमास्त्वेतानुक्ताः परुषमुत्तरम् ॥७॥

7. saṁvāde paruṣāṇyāhuryudhiṣṭhira narādhamāḥ ,
pratyāhurmadhyamāstvetānuktāḥ paruṣamuttaram.

7. saṃvāde paruṣāṇi āhuḥ yudhiṣṭhira narādhamāḥ
prati āhuḥ madhyamāḥ tu etān uktāḥ paruṣam uttaram

7. O Yudhiṣṭhira, the worst of men (narādhama) speak harsh words in conversation. However, the mediocre ones, when addressed harshly, retort with harsh replies to them.

Words meanings summery:

• संवादे (saṁvāde) - in conversation, in discourse, in dispute

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words, rough words, cruel words

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• नराधमाः (narādhamāḥ) - the worst of men, base men

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

• मध्यमाः (madhyamāḥ) - mediocre ones, middle ones

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• एतान् (etān) - referring to the 'narādhamāḥ' (these (masculine accusative plural))

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - when they (the middle ones) are spoken to (spoken, said, addressed)

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harshly, roughly

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - reply, answer, response

Words meanings and morphology

संवादे (saṁvāde) - in conversation, in discourse, in dispute

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - conversation, discourse, dialogue, dispute

from 'sam' + 'vad' (to speak together)

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words, rough words, cruel words

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel

Note: Used as a noun (harsh things/words).

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

perfect active (irregular, also used for present)

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Archaic perfect form used in present sense.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

from 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm, steady)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

नराधमाः (narādhamāḥ) - the worst of men, base men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhama

narādhama - worst of men, base man

compound of 'nara' and 'adhama'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+adhama)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhama – lowest, worst
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative form

Note: Refers to 'the worst of men (puruṣa)'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply

(indeclinable)

preposition/prefix

Note: Acts as a verbal prefix in combination with `āhuḥ`.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

perfect active (irregular, also used for present)

Root: ah (class 2)

मध्यमाः (madhyamāḥ) - mediocre ones, middle ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madhyama

madhyama - middle, mediocre, intermediate

Note: Used as a noun (the middle people).

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

particle

एतान् (etān) - referring to the 'narādhamāḥ' (these (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

demonstrative pronoun

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - when they (the middle ones) are spoken to (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said

Past Passive Participle

PPP of 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'madhyamāḥ' - 'when they (the middle ones) are spoken to'.

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harshly, roughly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel

Note: Used adverbially.

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - reply, answer, response

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - answer, reply, north, later

from 'ud' + 'tṛ' (to cross, to answer back)

Prefix: ud

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prati āhuḥ'.