महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-65, verse-7

संवादे परुषाण्याहुर्युधिष्ठिर नराधमाः ।
प्रत्याहुर्मध्यमास्त्वेतानुक्ताः परुषमुत्तरम् ॥७॥

7. saṁvāde paruṣāṇyāhuryudhiṣṭhira narādhamāḥ ,
pratyāhurmadhyamāstvetānuktāḥ paruṣamuttaram.

7. saṃvāde paruṣāṇi āhuḥ yudhiṣṭhira narādhamāḥ
prati āhuḥ madhyamāḥ tu etān uktāḥ paruṣam uttaram

7. O Yudhiṣṭhira, the worst of men (narādhama) speak harsh words in conversation. However, the mediocre ones, when addressed harshly, retort with harsh replies to them.

7. בשיחה, הו יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, נחותי האדם הם שאומרים דברים קשים, ובני הביניים משיבים תשובה קשה כשאומרים להם דברים כאלה.

Words meanings summery:

• संवादे (saṁvāde) - in conversation, in discourse, in dispute

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words, rough words, cruel words

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• नराधमाः (narādhamāḥ) - the worst of men, base men

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

• मध्यमाः (madhyamāḥ) - mediocre ones, middle ones

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• एतान् (etān) - referring to the 'narādhamāḥ' (these (masculine accusative plural))

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - when they (the middle ones) are spoken to (spoken, said, addressed)

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harshly, roughly

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - reply, answer, response

Words meanings and morphology

संवादे (saṁvāde) - in conversation, in discourse, in dispute

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - conversation, discourse, dialogue, dispute

from 'sam' + 'vad' (to speak together)

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words, rough words, cruel words

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel

Note: Used as a noun (harsh things/words).

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

perfect active (irregular, also used for present)

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Archaic perfect form used in present sense.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

from 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm, steady)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

नराधमाः (narādhamāḥ) - the worst of men, base men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhama

narādhama - worst of men, base man

compound of 'nara' and 'adhama'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+adhama)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhama – lowest, worst
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative form

Note: Refers to 'the worst of men (puruṣa)'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply

(indeclinable)

preposition/prefix

Note: Acts as a verbal prefix in combination with `āhuḥ`.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

perfect active (irregular, also used for present)

Root: ah (class 2)

मध्यमाः (madhyamāḥ) - mediocre ones, middle ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madhyama

madhyama - middle, mediocre, intermediate

Note: Used as a noun (the middle people).

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

particle

एतान् (etān) - referring to the 'narādhamāḥ' (these (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

demonstrative pronoun

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - when they (the middle ones) are spoken to (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said

Past Passive Participle

PPP of 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'madhyamāḥ' - 'when they (the middle ones) are spoken to'.

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harshly, roughly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel

Note: Used adverbially.

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - reply, answer, response

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - answer, reply, north, later

from 'ud' + 'tṛ' (to cross, to answer back)

Prefix: ud

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prati āhuḥ'.

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