महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-65, verse-12

प्रेक्षापूर्वं मया द्यूतमिदमासीदुपेक्षितम् ।
मित्राणि द्रष्टुकामेन पुत्राणां च बलाबलम् ॥१२॥

12. prekṣāpūrvaṁ mayā dyūtamidamāsīdupekṣitam ,
mitrāṇi draṣṭukāmena putrāṇāṁ ca balābalam.

12. prekṣāpūrvam mayā dyūtam idam āsīt upekṣitam
mitrāṇi draṣṭukāmena putrāṇām ca balābalam

12. This game of dice was intentionally permitted by me, as I desired to discern the strengths and weaknesses of both my friends and my sons.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रेक्षापूर्वम् (prekṣāpūrvam) - intentionally, with forethought, after consideration

• मया (mayā) - Referring to the speaker, Dhritarashtra. (by me)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - The game of dice that led to the Pandavas' exile. (gambling, game of dice)

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the specific game of dice. (this)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was

• उपेक्षितम् (upekṣitam) - Dhritarashtra deliberately allowed it to happen. (overlooked, tolerated, permitted, neglected)

• मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - The Pandavas and their allies. (friends)

• द्रष्टुकामेन (draṣṭukāmena) - Qualifies 'mayā' (by me). Dhritarashtra wanted to see the truth about his friends/sons. (by one desiring to see/know)

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - Both his own (Kauravas) and Pandavas, implicitly. (of sons)

• च (ca) - and, also

• बलाबलम् (balābalam) - The comparative power/vulnerability. (strength and weakness, relative strength)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रेक्षापूर्वम् (prekṣāpūrvam) - intentionally, with forethought, after consideration

(indeclinable)

Compound of prekṣā (consideration) and pūrva (preceded by)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prekṣā+pūrva)

• prekṣā – looking, seeing, consideration, forethought
  noun (feminine)
  From root īkṣ with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)
• pūrva – preceding, former
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage.

मया (mayā) - Referring to the speaker, Dhritarashtra. (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

Note: Agent of the passive 'upekṣitam'.

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - The game of dice that led to the Pandavas' exile. (gambling, game of dice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice

Past Passive Participle

From root div

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the specific game of dice. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies 'dyūtam'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Links 'dyūtam idam' to 'upekṣitam'.

उपेक्षितम् (upekṣitam) - Dhritarashtra deliberately allowed it to happen. (overlooked, tolerated, permitted, neglected)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upekṣita

upekṣita - overlooked, disregarded, tolerated

Past Passive Participle

From root īkṣ with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'dyūtam'.

मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - The Pandavas and their allies. (friends)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion

Note: Object of the infinitive implicitly in 'draṣṭukāmena'.

द्रष्टुकामेन (draṣṭukāmena) - Qualifies 'mayā' (by me). Dhritarashtra wanted to see the truth about his friends/sons. (by one desiring to see/know)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of draṣṭukāma

draṣṭukāma - desiring to see, wishing to observe

Compound of 'draṣṭu' (infinitive of dṛś) and 'kāma' (desire)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (draṣṭu+kāma)

• draṣṭu – to see, for seeing
  indeclinable
  Infinitive
  From root dṛś
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mayā'.

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - Both his own (Kauravas) and Pandavas, implicitly. (of sons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Note: Connects to 'balābalam' (strength and weakness *of sons*).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects 'mitrāṇi' and 'putrāṇām'.

बलाबलम् (balābalam) - The comparative power/vulnerability. (strength and weakness, relative strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of balābala

balābala - strength and weakness, relative strength

Dvandva compound of bala (strength) and abala (weakness)

Compound type : dvandva (bala+abala)

• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)
• abala – weakness, lack of strength
  noun (neuter)
  Negation of 'bala'
  Prefix: a

Note: Object of the infinitive implicitly in 'draṣṭukāmena'.