महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-65, verse-8

नैवोक्ता नैव चानुक्ता अहिताः परुषा गिरः ।
प्रतिजल्पन्ति वै धीराः सदा उत्तमपूरुषाः ॥८॥

8. naivoktā naiva cānuktā ahitāḥ paruṣā giraḥ ,
pratijalpanti vai dhīrāḥ sadā uttamapūruṣāḥ.

8. na eva uktāḥ na eva ca anuktāḥ ahitāḥ paruṣāḥ
giraḥ pratijalpanti vai dhīrāḥ sadā uttamapuruṣāḥ

8. Harmful, harsh words are neither uttered nor kept unsaid by the wise (dhīra). Indeed, excellent persons (puruṣa) always respond.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken, uttered

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुक्ताः (anuktāḥ) - unspoken, unsaid, unexpressed

• अहिताः (ahitāḥ) - harmful, inimical, unfavorable

• परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel

• गिरः (giraḥ) - words, speech

• प्रतिजल्पन्ति (pratijalpanti) - they reply, they respond

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - wise ones, resolute ones, calm ones

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• उत्तमपुरुषाः (uttamapuruṣāḥ) - excellent persons, supreme persons

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

particle

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken, uttered

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said

Past Passive Participle

PPP of 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to `giraḥ` (words).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

particle

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

अनुक्ताः (anuktāḥ) - unspoken, unsaid, unexpressed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anukta

anukta - unspoken, unsaid

Past Passive Participle

negative prefix 'an' + PPP of 'vac'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+ukta)

• na – not
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• ukta – spoken, said
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of 'vac'
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to `giraḥ` (words).

अहिताः (ahitāḥ) - harmful, inimical, unfavorable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ahita

ahita - harmful, inimical, unfavorable

Past Passive Participle

negative prefix 'a' + PPP of 'dhā' (to place) or related to 'hita' (beneficial)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+hita)

• na – not
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• hita – beneficial, suitable, good
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root dhā (to place)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `giraḥ`.

परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel

Note: Qualifies `giraḥ`.

गिरः (giraḥ) - words, speech

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gir

gir - word, speech, voice

from root 'gṛ' (to invoke, to speak)

Root: gṛ (class 9)

प्रतिजल्पन्ति (pratijalpanti) - they reply, they respond

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pratijalp

present active indicative

Prefix: prati

Root: jalp (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

particle

धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - wise ones, resolute ones, calm ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhīra

dhīra - wise, resolute, calm, steady

from 'dhī' (thought, intellect)

Root: dhī

Note: Used as a noun (the wise people).

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

adverb

उत्तमपुरुषाः (uttamapuruṣāḥ) - excellent persons, supreme persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of uttamapuruṣa

uttamapuruṣa - excellent person, supreme person

compound of 'uttama' and 'puruṣa'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+puruṣa)

• uttama – excellent, best, highest
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of 'ut'
• puruṣa – person, man, male, spirit, cosmic person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ