महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-34, verse-18

अथ वा कृपणैरेतामुपनीतां जनार्दन ।
पूजामनर्हः कस्मात्त्वमभ्यनुज्ञातवानसि ॥१८॥

18. atha vā kṛpaṇairetāmupanītāṁ janārdana ,
pūjāmanarhaḥ kasmāttvamabhyanujñātavānasi.

18. atha vā kṛpaṇaiḥ etām upanītām janārdana
pūjām anarhaḥ kasmāt tvam abhyanujñātavān asi

18. Or else, O Janardana, why have you, though unworthy, permitted this honor presented by the pitiable?

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, and, moreover, or

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कृपणैः (kṛpaṇaiḥ) - by the Pandavas, considered 'pitiable' by the speaker (by the wretched, by the pitiable, by the miserly)

• एताम् (etām) - this (feminine)

• उपनीताम् (upanītām) - presented, offered, brought near

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janardana (Krishna)

• पूजाम् (pūjām) - worship, honor, reverence, offering

• अनर्हः (anarhaḥ) - undeserving, unworthy

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अभ्यनुज्ञातवान् (abhyanujñātavān) - permitted, allowed

• असि (asi) - are

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, and, moreover, or

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

कृपणैः (kṛpaṇaiḥ) - by the Pandavas, considered 'pitiable' by the speaker (by the wretched, by the pitiable, by the miserly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - wretched, pitiable, miserable, stingy

from root kḷp (to be helpless)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

एताम् (etām) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to 'pūjām'

उपनीताम् (upanītām) - presented, offered, brought near

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upanīta

upanīta - presented, offered, brought near, initiated

Past Passive Participle

from root nī (to lead, bring) with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pūjām'

जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janardana (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janardana, Krishna (proper name)

agitator of men, one who is worshipped by men, one who defeats men

Root: ard (class 1)

पूजाम् (pūjām) - worship, honor, reverence, offering

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūjā

pūjā - worship, honor, reverence, offering

Root: pūj (class 10)

अनर्हः (anarhaḥ) - undeserving, unworthy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anarha

anarha - undeserving, unworthy

negative particle an- + arha (worthy)

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अभ्यनुज्ञातवान् (abhyanujñātavān) - permitted, allowed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñātavat

abhyanujñātavat - having permitted, having allowed

Past Active Participle

from root jñā (to know, permit) with upasargas abhi-anu

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Forms periphrastic perfect with 'asi'

असि (asi) - are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

2nd person singular, present tense, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms periphrastic perfect with 'abhyanujñātavān'