महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-15, verse-13

दैन्यं यथाबलवति तथा मोहो बलान्विते ।
तावुभौ नाशकौ हेतू राज्ञा त्याज्यौ जयार्थिना ॥१३॥

13. dainyaṁ yathābalavati tathā moho balānvite ,
tāvubhau nāśakau hetū rājñā tyājyau jayārthinā.

13. dainyam yathā balavati tathā mohaḥ balānvite
tāu ubhāu nāśakau hetū rājñā tyājyau jayārthinā

13. Just as dejection occurs in the powerful, similarly, delusion occurs in the strong. Both of these are destructive causes and must be abandoned by a king who desires victory.

Words meanings summery:

• दैन्यम् (dainyam) - dejection, misery, weakness, distress

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in the manner that

• बलवति (balavati) - in the strong one, in the powerful

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, in that manner

• मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion, confusion, infatuation

• बलान्विते (balānvite) - in the one endowed with strength, in the strong one

• ताउ (tāu) - those two, both of them

• उभाउ (ubhāu) - both

• नाशकौ (nāśakau) - destructive, destroyers

• हेतू (hetū) - causes, reasons

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• त्याज्यौ (tyājyau) - to be abandoned, to be given up

• जयार्थिना (jayārthinā) - by one desiring victory

Words meanings and morphology

दैन्यम् (dainyam) - dejection, misery, weakness, distress

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - misery, distress, weakness, dejection

from dīna (miserable) + ṣyañ (abstract noun suffix)

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here, it functions as the subject (nominative).

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

बलवति (balavati) - in the strong one, in the powerful

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful

from bala (strength) + matup (possessive suffix)

Note: Refers to a powerful person, implicitly a king or leader.

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, in that manner

(indeclinable)

मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion, confusion, infatuation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, confusion, infatuation, bewilderment

from root muh (to be bewildered) + ghañ

Root: muh (class 4)

बलान्विते (balānvite) - in the one endowed with strength, in the strong one

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of balānvita

balānvita - endowed with strength, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bala+anvita)

• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root i (to go) with prefix anu + kta
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to a powerful person, implicitly a king or leader.

ताउ (tāu) - those two, both of them

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'dainya' and 'moha'.

उभाउ (ubhāu) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

नाशकौ (nāśakau) - destructive, destroyers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nāśaka

nāśaka - destructive, causing destruction, destroyer

from root naś (to perish) + ṇvul

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'hetū'.

हेतू (hetū) - causes, reasons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Agent of 'tyājyau'.

त्याज्यौ (tyājyau) - to be abandoned, to be given up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tyājya

tyājya - to be abandoned, relinquishable, to be given up

Gerundive

from root tyaj (to abandon) + ṇyat

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tāu ubhāu nāśakau hetū'.

जयार्थिना (jayārthinā) - by one desiring victory

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jayārthin

jayārthin - desiring victory, wishing for triumph

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+arthin)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• arthin – desiring, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  from artha (purpose, object) + ini (suffix for possession/agency)

Note: Qualifies 'rājñā'.