महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-15, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
सम्राड्गुणमभीप्सन्वै युष्मान्स्वार्थपरायणः ।
कथं प्रहिणुयां भीमं बलात्केवलसाहसात् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
samrāḍguṇamabhīpsanvai yuṣmānsvārthaparāyaṇaḥ ,
kathaṁ prahiṇuyāṁ bhīmaṁ balātkevalasāhasāt.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca samrāṭ guṇam abhīpsan vai yuṣmān
svārthaparāyaṇaḥ katham prahiṇuyām bhīmam balāt kevalasāhasāt

1. Yudhishthira said: "As one who desires the qualities of an emperor (samrāṭ) and is devoted to his own interests, how can I send Bhima by force, based merely on recklessness (sāhasa)?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सम्राट् (samrāṭ) - emperor, sovereign

• गुणम् (guṇam) - quality, virtue, attribute

• अभीप्सन् (abhīpsan) - desiring, wishing for, aspiring to

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

• युष्मान् (yuṣmān) - you (plural)

• स्वार्थपरायणः (svārthaparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to one's own interests, intent on self-interest

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• प्रहिणुयाम् (prahiṇuyām) - may I send, should I send

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, from strength

• केवलसाहसात् (kevalasāhasāt) - by mere recklessness, by sheer audacity

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, son of Dharma, the eldest Pandava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense

root 'vac' (to speak), perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

सम्राट् (samrāṭ) - emperor, sovereign

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samrāṭ

samrāṭ - universal monarch, emperor, sovereign ruler

Prefix: sam

Root: rāj

गुणम् (guṇam) - quality, virtue, attribute

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand, cord

अभीप्सन् (abhīpsan) - desiring, wishing for, aspiring to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhīpsant

abhīpsant - desiring, wishing for, aspiring to

present active participle (desiderative of āp)

from desiderative stem 'īpsa' of root 'āp' (to obtain), with prefix 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: āp (class 5)

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

(indeclinable)

युष्मान् (yuṣmān) - you (plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

स्वार्थपरायणः (svārthaparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to one's own interests, intent on self-interest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svārthaparāyaṇa

svārthaparāyaṇa - devoted to one's own interests, intent on self-interest, selfish

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+artha+parāyaṇa)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, interest
  noun (masculine)
• parāyaṇa – devoted to, intent on, supreme resort
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: parā

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

प्रहिणुयाम् (prahiṇuyām) - may I send, should I send

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of prahiṇuyām

optative mood

root 'hi' (to send), 1st singular active, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 3)

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (proper name, one of the Pandavas); terrible, formidable

बलात् (balāt) - by force, from strength

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

केवलसाहसात् (kevalasāhasāt) - by mere recklessness, by sheer audacity

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kevalasāhasa

kevalasāhasa - mere recklessness, sheer audacity

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kevala+sāhasa)

• kevala – mere, pure, absolute, exclusive
  adjective (masculine)
• sāhasa – recklessness, audacity, violence, daring
  noun (neuter)