महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-4, verse-2

यदा तु कौरवो राजा पुत्रं सस्मार बालिशम् ।
तदा भीमं हृदा राजन्नपध्याति स पार्थिवः ॥२॥

2. yadā tu kauravo rājā putraṁ sasmāra bāliśam ,
tadā bhīmaṁ hṛdā rājannapadhyāti sa pārthivaḥ.

2. yadā tu kauravaḥ rājā putram sasmāra bāliśam
tadā bhīmam hṛdā rājan apadhyāti saḥ pārthivaḥ

2. rājan yadā tu kauravaḥ rājā bāliśam putram sasmāra,
tadā saḥ pārthivaḥ hṛdā bhīmam apadhyāti

2. O King, when the Kuru king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) remembered his foolish son (Duryodhana), then that monarch (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) in his heart thought ill of Bhima.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (adds emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

• कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - the Kuru (king Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (a descendant of Kuru; a Kuru, specifically Dhṛtarāṣṭra here)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (king, ruler)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (Duryodhana) (son)

• सस्मार (sasmāra) - remembered (his son) (remembered, thought of)

• बालिशम् (bāliśam) - foolish (describing Duryodhana) (childish, foolish, ignorant, naive)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima (Bhima (accusative))

• हृदा (hṛdā) - in his heart, with his mind (by the heart, with the mind, from the heart)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Janamejaya) (O King)

• अपध्याति (apadhyāti) - thought ill of, maligns (thinks ill of, maligns, curses, envies)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (he, that)

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - that monarch (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (king, ruler, earthly)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed (adds emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - the Kuru (king Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (a descendant of Kuru; a Kuru, specifically Dhṛtarāṣṭra here)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru; a Kuru; Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Taddhita derivation from Kuru.

Note: Subject.

राजा (rājā) - the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Appositive to kauravaḥ.

पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of sasmāra.

सस्मार (sasmāra) - remembered (his son) (remembered, thought of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of smṛ

Perfect, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

Perfect form of root 'smṛ' (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the 'yadā' clause.

बालिशम् (bāliśam) - foolish (describing Duryodhana) (childish, foolish, ignorant, naive)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāliśa

bāliśa - childish, foolish, ignorant, naive

Note: Agrees with putram.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Correlate to yadā.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima (Bhima (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - formidable, terrible; name of a Pāṇḍava

Root: bhī

Note: Object of apadhyāti.

हृदा (hṛdā) - in his heart, with his mind (by the heart, with the mind, from the heart)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, breast

Root noun.

Note: Expresses the internal manner of action.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Janamejaya) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Addressed to Janamejaya by Vaiśampāyana.

अपध्याति (apadhyāti) - thought ill of, maligns (thinks ill of, maligns, curses, envies)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of apadhyā

Present, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

Root 'dhyā' (to meditate, think) with prefix 'apa'.

Prefix: apa

Root: dhyā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the 'tadā' clause.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of apadhyāti, referring back to the kauravaḥ rājā.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - that monarch (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (king, ruler, earthly)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, regal, king, monarch

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth).

Note: Appositive to saḥ.