महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-28, verse-3

कथं नु राजा वृद्धः स वने वसति निर्जने ।
गान्धारी च महाभागा सा च कुन्ती पृथा कथम् ॥३॥

3. kathaṁ nu rājā vṛddhaḥ sa vane vasati nirjane ,
gāndhārī ca mahābhāgā sā ca kuntī pṛthā katham.

3. kathaṃ nu rājā vṛddhaḥ sa vane vasati nirjane
gāndhārī ca mahābhāgā sā ca kuntī pṛthā katham

3. How indeed does that aged king dwell in the desolate forest? And how do the greatly virtuous Gāndhārī, and Kuntī (Pṛthā), manage in such a situation?

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how? in what manner?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle of interrogation or emphasis)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - aged (king) (old, aged, grown, increased)

• स (sa) - (that aged king) (he, that)

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

• वसति (vasati) - lives, dwells, stays

• निर्जने (nirjane) - in the desolate (forest) (desolate, uninhabited, solitary)

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī (wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - the greatly virtuous (Gāndhārī) (greatly fortunate, highly venerable, greatly virtuous)

• सा (sā) - (that) Kuntī (she, that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कुन्ती (kuntī) - Kuntī (mother of the Pāṇḍavas)

• पृथा (pṛthā) - Pṛthā (another name for Kuntī)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle of interrogation or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - aged (king) (old, aged, grown, increased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - grown, old, aged, increased

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

स (sa) - (that aged king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

वसति (vasati) - lives, dwells, stays

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vasati

Present Tense

root vas

Root: vas (class 1)

निर्जने (nirjane) - in the desolate (forest) (desolate, uninhabited, solitary)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nirjana

nirjana - desolate, uninhabited, solitary, empty of people

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nir+jana)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
• jana – people, men
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī (wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī, a princess from Gāndhāra, wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - the greatly virtuous (Gāndhārī) (greatly fortunate, highly venerable, greatly virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahābhāgā

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, highly venerable, illustrious, noble

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bhāga – share, fortune, destiny, lot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

सा (sā) - (that) Kuntī (she, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कुन्ती (kuntī) - Kuntī (mother of the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - Kuntī, wife of Pāṇḍu, mother of the Pāṇḍavas

पृथा (pṛthā) - Pṛthā (another name for Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthā

pṛthā - Pṛthā, another name for Kuntī

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)