महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-28, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
वनं गते कौरवेन्द्रे दुःखशोकसमाहताः ।
बभूवुः पाण्डवा राजन्मातृशोकेन चार्दिताः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
vanaṁ gate kauravendre duḥkhaśokasamāhatāḥ ,
babhūvuḥ pāṇḍavā rājanmātṛśokena cārditāḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca vanaṃ gate kauravendre duḥkhaśokasamāhatāḥ
babhūvuḥ pāṇḍavāḥ rājan mātṛśokena ca arditāḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: O King, when the chief of the Kurus (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) went to the forest, the Pāṇḍavas were overcome by sorrow and grief, and also tormented by grief for their mother (Kuntī).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वनं (vanaṁ) - forest, wood

• गते (gate) - when he (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) had gone (gone, departed, arrived; when he had gone)

• कौरवेन्द्रे (kauravendre) - when the chief of the Kurus (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (in the chief of the Kauravas, in the lord of the Kurus)

• दुःखशोकसमाहताः (duḥkhaśokasamāhatāḥ) - struck by sorrow and grief, afflicted by misery and lamentation

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• मातृशोकेन (mātṛśokena) - by grief for their mother (Kuntī) (by grief for the mother)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - afflicted, tormented, pained

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense

root 'vac' becomes 'uvac' in perfect; reduplication

Root: vac (class 2)

वनं (vanaṁ) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

गते (gate) - when he (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) had gone (gone, departed, arrived; when he had gone)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

कौरवेन्द्रे (kauravendre) - when the chief of the Kurus (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (in the chief of the Kauravas, in the lord of the Kurus)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kauravendra

kauravendra - chief of the Kauravas, lord of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kaurava+indra)

• kaurava – descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kurus
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

दुःखशोकसमाहताः (duḥkhaśokasamāhatāḥ) - struck by sorrow and grief, afflicted by misery and lamentation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhaśokasamāhata

duḥkhaśokasamāhata - afflicted by sorrow and grief

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+śoka+samāhata)

• duḥkha – sorrow, misery, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• samāhata – struck, hit, afflicted, overwhelmed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam-ā-han (to strike, smite)
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: han (class 2)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of babhūvuḥ

perfect tense

root 'bhū', reduplication

Root: bhū (class 1)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

मातृशोकेन (mātṛśokena) - by grief for their mother (Kuntī) (by grief for the mother)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mātṛśoka

mātṛśoka - grief for mother

Compound type : tatpurusha (mātṛ+śoka)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - afflicted, tormented, pained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardita

ardita - afflicted, tormented, pained, distressed

Past Passive Participle

from root 'ard' (to hurt, pain)

Root: ard (class 1)