महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-35, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
जन्मनैव महाभागो ब्राह्मणो नाम जायते ।
नमस्यः सर्वभूतानामतिथिः प्रसृताग्रभुक् ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
janmanaiva mahābhāgo brāhmaṇo nāma jāyate ,
namasyaḥ sarvabhūtānāmatithiḥ prasṛtāgrabhuk.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | janmanā eva mahābhāgaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ nāma
jāyate | namasyaḥ sarvabhūtānām atithiḥ prasṛtāgrabuk

1. Bhishma said: A greatly fortunate person is born as a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) by birth alone. He is worthy of reverence from all beings, is considered a guest, and is entitled to the first portion of offered food.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder in the Mahabharata (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Bhishma) said (said, spoke)

• जन्मना (janmanā) - by birth alone (by birth, by origin)

• एव (eva) - alone, only (emphasizes 'by birth') (indeed, certainly, alone, only)

• महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - a greatly fortunate person (greatly fortunate, noble, highly esteemed)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) (a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class)

• नाम (nāma) - by the name (of Brahmin) (name, indeed, by name)

• जायते (jāyate) - is born (is born, originates, comes into being)

• नमस्यः (namasyaḥ) - worthy of reverence (worthy of reverence, venerable, to be worshipped)

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - from all beings (of all beings, of all creatures)

• अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - a guest (guest, stranger)

• प्रसृताग्रबुक् (prasṛtāgrabuk) - one who is entitled to the first portion of offered food (one who eats the first share, one who has the first meal offered)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder in the Mahabharata (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior)

Note: The nominative singular form of the proper noun 'Bhishma'.

उवाच (uvāca) - (Bhishma) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect active 3rd person singular, irregular form for 'said'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The perfect active 3rd person singular form of the root 'vac' (to speak).

जन्मना (janmanā) - by birth alone (by birth, by origin)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of janman

janman - birth, origin, existence

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Instrumental singular of 'janman' (birth).

एव (eva) - alone, only (emphasizes 'by birth') (indeed, certainly, alone, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: An indeclinable particle used for emphasis.

महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - a greatly fortunate person (greatly fortunate, noble, highly esteemed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, highly esteemed, noble

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine of the Bahuvrīhi compound 'mahābhāga'.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) (a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class), relating to Brahman

Derived from 'brahman' + 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Nominative singular masculine of 'brāhmaṇa' (Brahmin).

नाम (nāma) - by the name (of Brahmin) (name, indeed, by name)

(indeclinable)

Can function as an indeclinable particle or a neuter noun.

Note: Used here as an indeclinable to indicate 'by name' or 'called'.

जायते (jāyate) - is born (is born, originates, comes into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of jan

Present Middle

Root 'jan' (4th class) in present middle 3rd person singular.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Present middle 3rd person singular form of the root 'jan' (to be born).

नमस्यः (namasyaḥ) - worthy of reverence (worthy of reverence, venerable, to be worshipped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of namasya

namasya - venerable, to be worshipped, worthy of homage

Gerundive/Nomen Agentis

Derived from root 'nam' with suffix '-asya'.

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine of 'namasya' (venerable).

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - from all beings (of all beings, of all creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'bhū' (to be, to exist).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural of the compound 'sarvabhūta' (all beings).

अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - a guest (guest, stranger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, visitor

Note: Nominative singular masculine of 'atithi' (guest).

प्रसृताग्रबुक् (prasṛtāgrabuk) - one who is entitled to the first portion of offered food (one who eats the first share, one who has the first meal offered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasṛtāgrabuj

prasṛtāgrabuj - one who eats the first share, one who has the first meal offered

Compound noun, becoming an adjective here.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prasṛta+agra+bhuj)

• pra – forth, forward, before
  upasarga
• sṛta – gone, flowed, spread, issued
  past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'sṛ' (to flow, go). Here implying 'offered' or 'presented'.
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• agra – front, first, tip, chief
  noun (neuter)
• bhuj – one who eats/enjoys/protects
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'bhuj' (to eat) forming an agent noun.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of the compound 'prasṛtāgrabuj'. Final 'j' becomes 'k' by internal sandhi (Jaśtva and Carṭva rules) at word end.