महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-29, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
एवमुक्तो मतङ्गस्तु संशितात्मा यतव्रतः ।
अतिष्ठदेकपादेन वर्षाणां शतमच्युत ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
evamukto mataṅgastu saṁśitātmā yatavrataḥ ,
atiṣṭhadekapādena varṣāṇāṁ śatamacyuta.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca evam uktaḥ mataṅgaḥ tu saṃśitātmā
yatavrataḥ atiṣṭhat ekapādena varṣāṇām śatam acyuta

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca acyuta evam uktaḥ saṃśitātmā yatavrataḥ
mataṅgaḥ tu ekapādena varṣāṇām śatam atiṣṭhat

1. Bhishma said: Thus addressed, Matanga, with a resolute spirit and disciplined vows, stood on one foot for a hundred years, O Acyuta.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken to) (spoken, said)

• मतङ्गः (mataṅgaḥ) - Matanga (proper noun)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• संशितात्मा (saṁśitātmā) - with a resolute spirit (having a sharpened or resolute spirit/self)

• यतव्रतः (yatavrataḥ) - disciplined vows (having controlled/disciplined vows)

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood (he stood, remained)

• एकपादेन (ekapādena) - on one foot (with one foot, on one foot)

• वर्षाणाम् (varṣāṇām) - of years

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

• अच्युत (acyuta) - O Acyuta (O Acyuta (unfallen, imperishable))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a name, formidable, terrible)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'uktaḥ'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken to) (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root vac 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

मतङ्गः (mataṅgaḥ) - Matanga (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mataṅga

mataṅga - Matanga (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of 'atiṣṭhat'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

संशितात्मा (saṁśitātmā) - with a resolute spirit (having a sharpened or resolute spirit/self)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitātman

saṁśitātman - having a sharpened or disciplined self/soul, resolute

Compound: 'saṃśita' (sharpened, refined) + 'ātman' (self, spirit).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+ātman)

• saṃśita – sharpened, refined, disciplined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śo 'to sharpen' with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śo (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Matanga.

यतव्रतः (yatavrataḥ) - disciplined vows (having controlled/disciplined vows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatavrata

yatavrata - having controlled vows, observing self-imposed rules

Compound: 'yata' (controlled, restrained) + 'vrata' (vow, religious observance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+vrata)

• yata – controlled, restrained, disciplined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam 'to restrain'.
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with Matanga.

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood (he stood, remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Imperfect Active

Imperfect (laṅ) form of root sthā. Prefix a- for past tense.

Root: sthā (class 1)

एकपादेन (ekapādena) - on one foot (with one foot, on one foot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekapāda

ekapāda - one-footed

Compound 'eka' (one) + 'pāda' (foot).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+pāda)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• pāda – foot, leg
  noun (masculine)

वर्षाणाम् (varṣāṇām) - of years

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Specifies the duration for 'śatam'.

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

(numeral)

Note: Denotes duration, takes accusative.

अच्युत (acyuta) - O Acyuta (O Acyuta (unfallen, imperishable))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - unfallen, imperishable, firm, never-falling; an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

Past Passive Participle

From a- (negation) + cyuta (fallen).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cyuta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• cyuta – fallen, deviated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root cyu 'to fall'.
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Next Verse