महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-29, verse-2

तमुवाच ततः शक्रः पुनरेव महायशाः ।
मतङ्ग परमं स्थानं प्रार्थयन्नतिदुर्लभम् ॥२॥

2. tamuvāca tataḥ śakraḥ punareva mahāyaśāḥ ,
mataṅga paramaṁ sthānaṁ prārthayannatidurlabham.

2. tam uvāca tataḥ śakraḥ punaḥ eva mahāyaśāḥ
mataṅga paramam sthānam prārthayan atidurlabham

2. tataḥ mahāyaśāḥ śakraḥ punaḥ eva tam uvāca
mataṅga atidurlabham paramam sthānam prārthayan

2. Then, the greatly glorious Indra again spoke to him, saying, "O Matanga, you are desiring a supreme position that is extremely difficult to attain."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to him (to him, that)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Indra, powerful one)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

• एव (eva) - emphasis particle (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly glorious (greatly glorious, very famous)

• मतङ्ग (mataṅga) - O Matanga

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - position (place, position, abode, state)

• प्रार्थयन् (prārthayan) - desiring (desiring, requesting)

• अतिदुर्लभम् (atidurlabham) - extremely difficult to attain (extremely difficult to obtain)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to him (to him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of 'tad' used as an adverb.

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Indra, powerful one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - powerful, mighty; a name of Indra

From root śak 'to be able'.

Root: śak (class 5)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasis particle (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly glorious (greatly glorious, very famous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - having great glory/fame

Compound 'mahā' (great) + 'yaśas' (glory, fame).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• yaśas – glory, fame, renown
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'śakraḥ'.

मतङ्ग (mataṅga) - O Matanga

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mataṅga

mataṅga - Matanga (name of a sage)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, further, other

Note: Agrees with 'sthānam'.

स्थानम् (sthānam) - position (place, position, abode, state)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, standing, position, rank, abode, state

From root sthā 'to stand'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

प्रार्थयन् (prārthayan) - desiring (desiring, requesting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prārthayat

prārthayat - desiring, requesting, asking for

Present Active Participle

From root arth 'to ask' with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Describes Matanga's action.

अतिदुर्लभम् (atidurlabham) - extremely difficult to attain (extremely difficult to obtain)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atidurlabha

atidurlabha - very difficult to obtain, very rare

Compound 'ati' (very, exceedingly) + 'durlabha' (difficult to obtain).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+durlabha)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, excessively
  indeclinable
  Adverbial prefix.
• durlabha – difficult to obtain, rare
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From dus- (bad, difficult) + labha (to be obtained, from root labh).
  Prefix: dus
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sthānam'.