महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-29, verse-3

मा कृथाः साहसं पुत्र नैष धर्मपथस्तव ।
अप्राप्यं प्रार्थयानो हि नचिराद्विनशिष्यसि ॥३॥

3. mā kṛthāḥ sāhasaṁ putra naiṣa dharmapathastava ,
aprāpyaṁ prārthayāno hi nacirādvinaśiṣyasi.

3. mā kṛthāḥ sāhasam putra na eṣaḥ dharmapathaḥ tava
aprāpyam prārthayānaḥ hi nacirāt vinaśiṣyasi

3. putra sāhasam mā kṛthāḥ eṣaḥ tava dharmapathaḥ
na hi aprāpyam prārthayānaḥ nacirāt vinaśiṣyasi

3. "O son, do not commit such a rash act. This is not your path of natural law (dharma-patha). Indeed, by desiring what is unattainable, you will soon perish."

Words meanings summery:

• मा (mā) - do not (not, do not (prohibitive particle))

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - do (prohibitive) (you should do, you might do (aorist optative/injunctive))

• साहसम् (sāhasam) - rash act (rashness, audacity, violence, bold act)

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• न (na) - not

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (this (masculine))

• धर्मपथः (dharmapathaḥ) - path of natural law (dharma-patha) (path of (dharma), righteous path)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• अप्राप्यम् (aprāpyam) - what is unattainable (unattainable, not to be obtained)

• प्रार्थयानः (prārthayānaḥ) - by desiring (desiring, requesting)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• नचिरात् (nacirāt) - soon (not long, soon)

• विनशिष्यसि (vinaśiṣyasi) - you will perish (you will perish, be destroyed)

Words meanings and morphology

मा (mā) - do not (not, do not (prohibitive particle))

(indeclinable)

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - do (prohibitive) (you should do, you might do (aorist optative/injunctive))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (injunctive) (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist (injunctive) Middle

Second person singular aorist form, used as an injunctive with 'mā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

साहसम् (sāhasam) - rash act (rashness, audacity, violence, bold act)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - rashness, violence, audacity, bold act

From sahas 'strength, power' or 'suddenly'.

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this (near the speaker)

धर्मपथः (dharmapathaḥ) - path of natural law (dharma-patha) (path of (dharma), righteous path)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmapatha

dharmapatha - path of (dharma), righteous course, moral duty

Compound 'dharma' (natural law, duty) + 'patha' (path).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+patha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• patha – path, road, course
  noun (masculine)

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'.

अप्राप्यम् (aprāpyam) - what is unattainable (unattainable, not to be obtained)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aprāpya

aprāpya - unattainable, not to be reached or obtained

Gerundive with negation

Compound 'a-' (negation) + 'prāpya' (to be obtained).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prāpya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• prāpya – to be obtained, attainable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root āp 'to obtain' with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Object of 'prārthayānaḥ'.

प्रार्थयानः (prārthayānaḥ) - by desiring (desiring, requesting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prārthayamāna

prārthayamāna - desiring, requesting, asking for

Present Middle Participle

From root arth 'to ask' with prefix pra-. Used in a causal sense here.

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Refers to the person being addressed (Matanga).

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

नचिरात् (nacirāt) - soon (not long, soon)

(indeclinable)

Compound 'na' (not) + 'cira' (long time). Used here in ablative as an adverb 'after not long'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+cira)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• cira – long time, lasting long
  noun (neuter)

विनशिष्यसि (vinaśiṣyasi) - you will perish (you will perish, be destroyed)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of naś

Future Active

Second person singular future form of root naś with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)