महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-61, verse-4

सदारो वाप्यदारो वा आत्मवान्संयतेन्द्रियः ।
वानप्रस्थाश्रमं गच्छेत्कृतकृत्यो गृहाश्रमात् ॥४॥

4. sadāro vāpyadāro vā ātmavānsaṁyatendriyaḥ ,
vānaprasthāśramaṁ gacchetkṛtakṛtyo gṛhāśramāt.

4. sadāraḥ vā api adāraḥ vā ātmavān saṃyatendriyaḥ
| vānaprasthāśramam gacchet kṛtakṛtyaḥ gṛhāśramāt

4. sadāraḥ vā api adāraḥ vā,
ātmavān saṃyatendriyaḥ,
gṛhāśramāt kṛtakṛtyaḥ vānaprasthāśramam gacchet

4. Whether with his wife or without, a self-possessed (ātman) person with controlled senses, having fulfilled all his duties (karma) from the householder (gṛhāśrama) stage, should enter the forest-dweller (vānaprastha) stage.

Words meanings summery:

• सदारः (sadāraḥ) - describes the person entering vānaprastha, indicating whether his wife accompanies him (with wife, accompanied by wife)

• वा (vā) - used to offer an alternative condition (or, either)

• अपि (api) - emphasizes the possibility of being without a wife (even, also, too, moreover)

• अदारः (adāraḥ) - describes the person entering vānaprastha, indicating he might go alone (without wife, wifeless)

• वा (vā) - pairs with the previous `vā` to mean 'either... or...' (or, either)

• आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - a person of strong character and spiritual understanding, having mastery over oneself (ātman) (possessing the self (ātman), spiritual, self-possessed, resolute)

• संयतेन्द्रियः (saṁyatendriyaḥ) - a person who has mastered control over their sensory organs, a necessary quality for ascetic life (having controlled senses, self-controlled)

• वानप्रस्थाश्रमम् (vānaprasthāśramam) - the destination for the person transitioning from gṛhastha (to the forest-dweller stage, to the hermit's āśrama)

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - prescribed action for the householder after fulfilling duties (should go, should proceed, should enter)

• कृतकृत्यः (kṛtakṛtyaḥ) - describes the person who has completed all householder responsibilities (karma) (one who has done what was to be done, one who has accomplished his purpose, fulfilled his duties)

• गृहाश्रमात् (gṛhāśramāt) - indicating the transition from the gṛhastha (householder) stage (from the householder stage of life, from the householder's hermitage)

Words meanings and morphology

सदारः (sadāraḥ) - describes the person entering vānaprastha, indicating whether his wife accompanies him (with wife, accompanied by wife)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadāra

sadāra - accompanied by one's wife

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dāra)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the person embarking on vānaprastha.

वा (vā) - used to offer an alternative condition (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - emphasizes the possibility of being without a wife (even, also, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अदारः (adāraḥ) - describes the person entering vānaprastha, indicating he might go alone (without wife, wifeless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adāra

adāra - without a wife, wifeless

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dāra)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the person embarking on vānaprastha.

वा (vā) - pairs with the previous `vā` to mean 'either... or...' (or, either)

(indeclinable)

आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - a person of strong character and spiritual understanding, having mastery over oneself (ātman) (possessing the self (ātman), spiritual, self-possessed, resolute)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmavat

ātmavat - possessing the self, self-possessed, spiritual

derived from ātman + -vat (possessive suffix)

Note: Refers to the person entering vānaprastha.

संयतेन्द्रियः (saṁyatendriyaḥ) - a person who has mastered control over their sensory organs, a necessary quality for ascetic life (having controlled senses, self-controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyatendriya

saṁyatendriya - having controlled senses, self-controlled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃyata+indriya)

• saṃyata – controlled, restrained, self-restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  derived from sam-yam (to restrain)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the person entering vānaprastha.

वानप्रस्थाश्रमम् (vānaprasthāśramam) - the destination for the person transitioning from gṛhastha (to the forest-dweller stage, to the hermit's āśrama)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vānaprasthāśrama

vānaprasthāśrama - the forest-dweller stage of life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānaprastha+āśrama)

• vānaprastha – forest-dweller, one who has retired to the forest
  noun (masculine)
• āśrama – stage of life, hermitage, monastery
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Direct object of gacchet.

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - prescribed action for the householder after fulfilling duties (should go, should proceed, should enter)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of gam

optative (vidhi-liṅ)

3rd person singular active

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subject is implied (janaḥ, person).

कृतकृत्यः (kṛtakṛtyaḥ) - describes the person who has completed all householder responsibilities (karma) (one who has done what was to be done, one who has accomplished his purpose, fulfilled his duties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtakṛtya

kṛtakṛtya - one who has done what was to be done, one who has accomplished his purpose/duties

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+kṛtya)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  derived from kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kṛtya – to be done, duty, action
  adjective (neuter)
  gerundive/future passive participle
  derived from kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the person entering vānaprastha.

गृहाश्रमात् (gṛhāśramāt) - indicating the transition from the gṛhastha (householder) stage (from the householder stage of life, from the householder's hermitage)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of gṛhāśrama

gṛhāśrama - the householder stage of life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+āśrama)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• āśrama – stage of life, hermitage, monastery
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Indicates the point of departure.