महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-61, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
आश्रमाणां महाबाहो शृणु सत्यपराक्रम ।
चतुर्णामिह वर्णानां कर्माणि च युधिष्ठिर ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
āśramāṇāṁ mahābāho śṛṇu satyaparākrama ,
caturṇāmiha varṇānāṁ karmāṇi ca yudhiṣṭhira.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | āśramāṇām mahābāho śṛṇu satyaparākrama
| caturṇām iha varṇānām karmāṇi ca yudhiṣṭhira

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca mahābāho satyaparākrama yudhiṣṭhira
iha caturṇām āśramāṇām ca varṇānām karmāṇi śṛṇu

1. Bhishma said: O mighty-armed one, O Yudhishthira of true valor, listen now to the duties (karma) of the four social classes (varṇas) and the stages of life (āśramas).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered grandfather, speaking to Yudhishthira (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said/spoke (said, spoke)

• आश्रमाणाम् (āśramāṇām) - pertaining to the four stages of life (āśramas) (of the stages of life, of the hermitages)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Addressing Yudhishthira, referring to his strength (O mighty-armed one, O strong-armed hero)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen to what I am about to tell you (listen, hear)

• सत्यपराक्रम (satyaparākrama) - Addressing Yudhishthira, highlighting his virtue (O one whose valor is truth, O truly valorous one)

• चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - referring to the four varṇas and āśramas (of the four)

• इह (iha) - in this context of discussion (here, in this world, in this matter)

• वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - referring to the four social classes (varṇas) (of the colors, of the classes, of the castes)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - the specific duties (karma) prescribed for each class and stage of life (actions, deeds, duties, rituals)

• च (ca) - connecting 'āśramāṇām' and 'varṇānām' (and, also)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Addressing the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira (name of a king))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered grandfather, speaking to Yudhishthira (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said/spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense (liṭ)

3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

आश्रमाणाम् (āśramāṇām) - pertaining to the four stages of life (āśramas) (of the stages of life, of the hermitages)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, monastery

derived from ā-śram (to exert, to toil)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Addressing Yudhishthira, referring to his strength (O mighty-armed one, O strong-armed hero)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm, forearm
  noun (masculine)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen to what I am about to tell you (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative (loṭ)

2nd person singular active

Root: śru (class 5)

सत्यपराक्रम (satyaparākrama) - Addressing Yudhishthira, highlighting his virtue (O one whose valor is truth, O truly valorous one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of satyaparākrama

satyaparākrama - true valor, one whose valor is truth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+parākrama)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• parākrama – valor, might, heroism, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: kram (class 1)

चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - referring to the four varṇas and āśramas (of the four)

(numeral)

इह (iha) - in this context of discussion (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - referring to the four social classes (varṇas) (of the colors, of the classes, of the castes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, social class, caste, character

derived from vṛ (to choose, to cover)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - the specific duties (karma) prescribed for each class and stage of life (actions, deeds, duties, rituals)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, duty

derived from kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Acts/duties being listened to.

च (ca) - connecting 'āśramāṇām' and 'varṇānām' (and, also)

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Addressing the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (steadfast in battle)