महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-350, verse-15

ते वयं जातसंदेहाः पर्यपृच्छामहे रविम् ।
क एष दिवमाक्रम्य गतः सूर्य इवापरः ॥१५॥

15. te vayaṁ jātasaṁdehāḥ paryapṛcchāmahe ravim ,
ka eṣa divamākramya gataḥ sūrya ivāparaḥ.

15. te vayam jāta-saṃdehāḥ paryapṛcchāmahe ravim |
kaḥ eṣaḥ divam ākramya gataḥ sūryaḥ iva aparaḥ

15. te vayam jāta-saṃdehāḥ ravim paryapṛcchāmahe
kaḥ eṣaḥ aparaḥ sūryaḥ iva divam ākramya gataḥ

15. Therefore, filled with doubt, we questioned the Sun: 'Who is this other one who, having ascended to the sky, has gone forth like another sun?'

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (referring to "we", emphasizing the group who are speaking) (those, they (masculine plural nominative))

• वयम् (vayam) - we (the speakers) (we)

• जात-संदेहाः (jāta-saṁdehāḥ) - being in a state of doubt (having arisen doubts, full of doubt)

• पर्यपृच्छामहे (paryapṛcchāmahe) - we asked the Sun directly (we questioned, we inquired around)

• रविम् (ravim) - the sun god, to whom the question was addressed (the sun (accusative))

• कः (kaḥ) - who (is this person) (who, what)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (specific person in question) (this, this one)

• दिवम् (divam) - the expanse of the sky or heavenly realm (sky, heaven)

• आक्रम्य (ākramya) - having risen up into, having taken possession of (the sky) (having ascended, having conquered, having occupied)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone forth, proceeded (into the sky) (gone, reached, attained)

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - like the sun (sun)

• इव (iva) - like, in the manner of (like, as, as if)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (sun, implying a second sun) (other, another, different)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (referring to "we", emphasizing the group who are speaking) (those, they (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the speakers, often used emphatically with 'vayam'.

वयम् (vayam) - we (the speakers) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जात-संदेहाः (jāta-saṁdehāḥ) - being in a state of doubt (having arisen doubts, full of doubt)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jātasaṃdeha

jātasaṁdeha - having doubts arisen, full of doubt

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāta+saṃdeha)

• jāta – born, arisen
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from √jan
  Root: jan (class 4)
• saṃdeha – doubt, uncertainty
  noun (masculine)
  from sam- + √dih (to smear, consider)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vayam'.

पर्यपृच्छामहे (paryapṛcchāmahe) - we asked the Sun directly (we questioned, we inquired around)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryapṛcchāmahe

Imperfect Middle 1st Person Plural from pari- + √prach (to ask)

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Derived from the root '√prach' with upasarga 'pari'.

रविम् (ravim) - the sun god, to whom the question was addressed (the sun (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ravi

ravi - the sun, a name of the sun god

Note: Object of the verb 'paryapṛcchāmahe'.

कः (kaḥ) - who (is this person) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of the implied verb 'is'.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (specific person in question) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, refers to the subject of the question.

दिवम् (divam) - the expanse of the sky or heavenly realm (sky, heaven)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

Note: Object of 'ākramya'.

आक्रम्य (ākramya) - having risen up into, having taken possession of (the sky) (having ascended, having conquered, having occupied)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with prefix

from ā- + √kram (to step, go) + -ya suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action preceding 'gataḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone forth, proceeded (into the sky) (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained

past passive participle

from root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'eṣaḥ'.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - like the sun (sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the sun god

Note: Used in comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, in the manner of (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (sun, implying a second sun) (other, another, different)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, different, subsequent

Note: Modifies 'sūryaḥ'.