महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-350, verse-1

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
विवस्वतो गच्छति पर्ययेण वोढुं भवांस्तं रथमेकचक्रम् ।
आश्चर्यभूतं यदि तत्र किंचिद्दृष्टं त्वया शंसितुमर्हसि त्वम् ॥१॥

1. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
vivasvato gacchati paryayeṇa; voḍhuṁ bhavāṁstaṁ rathamekacakram ,
āścaryabhūtaṁ yadi tatra kiṁci;ddṛṣṭaṁ tvayā śaṁsitumarhasi tvam.

1. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca vivasvataḥ gacchati
paryayeṇa voḍhum bhavān tam ratham
ekacakram āścaryabhūtam yadi tatra
kiñcit dṛṣṭam tvayā śaṃsitum arhasi tvam

1. The Brahmin said, "You carry that one-wheeled chariot of Vivāsvan (the Sun god) during its rotation. If you have seen anything astonishing there, you should describe it."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विवस्वतः (vivasvataḥ) - of Vivāsvan, of the Sun god

• गच्छति (gacchati) - you take part in (the rotation of the Sun) (goes, moves, participates)

• पर्ययेण (paryayeṇa) - in its (the Sun's) rotation (by turn, by rotation, in due course)

• वोढुम् (voḍhum) - to bear, to carry, to draw

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

• तम् (tam) - that

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• एकचक्रम् (ekacakram) - the specific one-wheeled chariot of the Sun god (one-wheeled)

• आश्चर्यभूतम् (āścaryabhūtam) - astonishing, wondrous, become a wonder

• यदि (yadi) - if

• तत्र (tatra) - in the region of the Sun's chariot (there, in that place)

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something, anything

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to relate, to describe

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

विवस्वतः (vivasvataḥ) - of Vivāsvan, of the Sun god

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vivasvat

vivasvat - the Sun god

From vi-vas (to shine forth)

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 2)

गच्छति (gacchati) - you take part in (the rotation of the Sun) (goes, moves, participates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present active

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here, it implies participation in the Sun's movement, 'you go for the rotation'.

पर्ययेण (paryayeṇa) - in its (the Sun's) rotation (by turn, by rotation, in due course)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paryaya

paryaya - turn, rotation, succession

From pari-i (to go around)

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

वोढुम् (voḍhum) - to bear, to carry, to draw

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavant

bhavant - you (honorific)

Present active participle of bhū (to be), used as a pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: This is an honorific second person pronoun, addressing the Naga.

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to ratham.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ram

Note: Object of voḍhum.

एकचक्रम् (ekacakram) - the specific one-wheeled chariot of the Sun god (one-wheeled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekacakra

ekacakra - one-wheeled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+cakra)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• cakra – wheel, disk
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ

Note: Adjective modifying ratham.

आश्चर्यभूतम् (āścaryabhūtam) - astonishing, wondrous, become a wonder

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āścaryabhūta

āścaryabhūta - become a wonder, wonderful

Compound formed from āścarya (wonder) and bhūta (become/being)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āścarya+bhūta)

• āścarya – wonder, astonishment
  noun (neuter)
  Root: car
• bhūta – become, been, a being
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of √bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying kiñcit.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

तत्र (tatra) - in the region of the Sun's chariot (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that)

Note: Refers to the location where the chariot is.

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something, anything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcit

kiñcit - something, anything, a little

Indeclinable pronoun/adjective derived from kim

Note: Functions as the subject of the implied verb 'is' or 'was'.

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛś

dṛś - to see

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Part of the passive construction dṛṣṭaṃ tvayā (seen by you).

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in the passive construction dṛṣṭaṃ tvayā.

शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to relate, to describe

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or potential.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present active

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Used with an infinitive to express obligation or ability.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Emphatic 'you', or simply a repetition of the subject for clarity.