महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-350, verse-14

तत्र नः संशयो जातस्तयोस्तेजःसमागमे ।
अनयोः को भवेत्सूर्यो रथस्थो योऽयमागतः ॥१४॥

14. tatra naḥ saṁśayo jātastayostejaḥsamāgame ,
anayoḥ ko bhavetsūryo rathastho yo'yamāgataḥ.

14. tatra naḥ saṃśayaḥ jātaḥ tayoḥ tejaḥ samāgame |
anayoḥ kaḥ bhavet sūryaḥ rathasthaḥ yaḥ ayam āgataḥ

14. tatra naḥ tayoḥ tejaḥ samāgame saṃśayaḥ jātaḥ anayoḥ
yaḥ ayam rathasthaḥ āgataḥ saḥ kaḥ sūryaḥ bhavet

14. Then, a doubt arose in us regarding the conjunction of their two splendors: who, among these two, could be the sun – this one who has arrived, seated in a chariot?

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - thereupon, at that point in time (there, then, thereupon)

• नः (naḥ) - our (doubt) (our, to us, by us)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - a state of uncertainty (doubt, uncertainty)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - arose, occurred (the doubt) (born, arisen, produced, happened)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two (referring to the sun and the one who entered) (of those two, their (dual genitive/locative))

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - the radiant essence (splendor, radiance, energy)

• समागमे (samāgame) - at the point where their splendors met or merged (at the meeting, in the conjunction)

• अनयोः (anayoḥ) - of these two (the sun and the new arrival) (of these two)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (as in, which one) (who, what)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - could be, might be (expressing possibility or deliberation) (may be, should be, could be)

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the actual sun god or solar deity (the sun)

• रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - the one who is currently in a chariot (situated in a chariot, charioteer)

• यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (specific individual) (this, this one)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - who has just arrived (come, arrived, having come)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - thereupon, at that point in time (there, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - our (doubt) (our, to us, by us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of 'asmākam'.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - a state of uncertainty (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

from sam- + √śī (to lie) + aya (from causative)

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

जातः (jātaḥ) - arose, occurred (the doubt) (born, arisen, produced, happened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

past passive participle

from root √jan (to be born, produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saṃśayaḥ'.

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two (referring to the sun and the one who entered) (of those two, their (dual genitive/locative))

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to two entities mentioned or implied in context.

तेजः (tejaḥ) - the radiant essence (splendor, radiance, energy)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, light, radiance, energy, spiritual power, essence

Note: First part of the compound 'tejaḥsamāgame'.

समागमे (samāgame) - at the point where their splendors met or merged (at the meeting, in the conjunction)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samāgama

samāgama - meeting, conjunction, approach, union

from sam- + ā- + √gam (to go)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: 'tejaḥsamāgame' is a compound meaning 'at the conjunction of splendors'.

अनयोः (anayoḥ) - of these two (the sun and the new arrival) (of these two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to the two individuals involved.

कः (kaḥ) - who (as in, which one) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

भवेत् (bhavet) - could be, might be (expressing possibility or deliberation) (may be, should be, could be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Implies a question or deliberation.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the actual sun god or solar deity (the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the sun god

Note: Predicate nominative for 'kaḥ'.

रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - the one who is currently in a chariot (situated in a chariot, charioteer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, seated in a chariot

from ratha (chariot) + stha (standing, being)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, being in/on
  adjective
  agent noun derived from verb
  from √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'yaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'āgataḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (specific individual) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, modifies the implicit subject of the clause or 'yaḥ'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - who has just arrived (come, arrived, having come)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, having come

past passive participle

from ā- + √gam (to go)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as the verb of the relative clause.