महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-297, verse-4

सत्कृत्य परिपृष्टः सन्सुमहात्मा महातपाः ।
निजगाद ततस्तस्मै श्रेयस्करमिदं वचः ॥४॥

4. satkṛtya paripṛṣṭaḥ sansumahātmā mahātapāḥ ,
nijagāda tatastasmai śreyaskaramidaṁ vacaḥ.

4. satkṛtya paripṛṣṭaḥ san sumahātmā mahātapāḥ
nijagāda tataḥ tasmai śreyaskaram idam vacaḥ

4. satkṛtya paripṛṣṭaḥ san sumahātmā mahātapāḥ
tataḥ tasmai idam śreyaskaram vacaḥ nijagāda

4. Being respectfully questioned, the very noble (sumahātman) and greatly ascetic one (mahātapas) then spoke these beneficial words to him.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्कृत्य (satkṛtya) - respectfully (having honored, having treated with respect)

• परिपृष्टः (paripṛṣṭaḥ) - questioned (questioned, asked, interrogated)

• सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

• सुमहात्मा (sumahātmā) - very noble (very great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - greatly ascetic one (great ascetic, one who has performed great austerities)

• निजगाद (nijagāda) - spoke (he said, he spoke, he related)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (to him, for him, to that)

• श्रेयस्करम् (śreyaskaram) - beneficial (beneficial, salutary, auspicious, leading to welfare)

• इदम् (idam) - these (this, these)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

Words meanings and morphology

सत्कृत्य (satkṛtya) - respectfully (having honored, having treated with respect)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from 'sat' (good, true) and root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix '-tya' (replacing '-tvā' after a prefix/adverbial element).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

परिपृष्टः (paripṛṣṭaḥ) - questioned (questioned, asked, interrogated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paripṛṣṭa

paripṛṣṭa - questioned, asked, interrogated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'prach' (to ask) with prefix 'pari' and suffix '-ta' (past passive participle). 'prach' becomes 'pṛṣṭa'.

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Refers to the subject (mahātapāḥ).

सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be) with 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

सुमहात्मा (sumahātmā) - very noble (very great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahātman

sumahātman - very great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound of 'su' (good, very) and 'mahātman' (great-souled).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahātman)

• su – good, excellent, very, well
  indeclinable
• mahātman – great-souled, noble, magnanimous
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of mahat (great) and ātman (self/soul).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - greatly ascetic one (great ascetic, one who has performed great austerities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, great austerity

Compound of 'mahat' (great) and 'tapas' (asceticism, austerity).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+tapas)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Adjective/epithet for the subject.

निजगाद (nijagāda) - spoke (he said, he spoke, he related)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vad

Perfect (Lit)

Root 'vad' (to speak), prefix 'ni', reduplicated perfect form.

Prefix: ni

Root: vad (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (to him, for him, to that)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the person who questioned.

श्रेयस्करम् (śreyaskaram) - beneficial (beneficial, salutary, auspicious, leading to welfare)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyaskara

śreyaskara - beneficial, salutary, auspicious

Compound of 'śreyas' (welfare, good) and 'kara' (making, causing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śreyas+kara)

• śreyas – welfare, good, excellence, bliss
  noun (neuter)
• kara – making, causing, doer, hand
  adjective
  agent noun
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -a.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'.

इदम् (idam) - these (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'nijagāda'.