महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-297, verse-12

नित्यं च बहु दातव्यं साधुभ्यश्चानसूयता ।
प्रार्थितं व्रतशौचाभ्यां सत्कृतं देशकालयोः ॥१२॥

12. nityaṁ ca bahu dātavyaṁ sādhubhyaścānasūyatā ,
prārthitaṁ vrataśaucābhyāṁ satkṛtaṁ deśakālayoḥ.

12. nityam ca bahu dātavyam sādhubhyaḥ ca anasūyatā
prārthitam vrataśaucābhyām satkṛtam deśakālayoḥ

12. nityam ca bahu dātavyam sādhubhyaḥ anasūyatā ca
prārthitam vrataśaucābhyām satkṛtam deśakālayoḥ

12. Always, a significant amount of charity (dāna) should be given to virtuous individuals by one who is free from envy. It should be an offering sought through vows and purity, and respectfully presented at the appropriate place and time.

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

• दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - ought to be given, should be given

• साधुभ्यः (sādhubhyaḥ) - to virtuous people, to good people

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनसूयता (anasūyatā) - by one who is not envious, by one free from ill-will or grudging

• प्रार्थितम् (prārthitam) - requested, sought after, desired

• व्रतशौचाभ्याम् (vrataśaucābhyām) - by vows and purity, through religious observances and cleanliness

• सत्कृतम् (satkṛtam) - honored, respectfully offered

• देशकालयोः (deśakālayoḥ) - in the place and time, at the appropriate place and time

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, numerous

Note: Agrees with implied 'dāna' or the object of 'dātavyam'

दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - ought to be given, should be given

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dātavya

dātavya - to be given, what should be given, suitable for giving

Gerundive

Formed from root dā (to give) with the tavya suffix

Root: dā (class 3)

साधुभ्यः (sādhubhyaḥ) - to virtuous people, to good people

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy person, sage

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनसूयता (anasūyatā) - by one who is not envious, by one free from ill-will or grudging

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anasūyatṛ

anasūyatṛ - one who is not envious, not grudging, benevolent

Agent noun from anasūya (without envy)

प्रार्थितम् (prārthitam) - requested, sought after, desired

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prārthita

prārthita - requested, prayed for, desired, solicited

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root arth (to ask, to request) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the 'bahu' (gift)

व्रतशौचाभ्याम् (vrataśaucābhyām) - by vows and purity, through religious observances and cleanliness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of vrataśauca

vrataśauca - vows and purity, religious observances and cleanliness

Compound type : Dvandva (vrata+śauca)

• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)
• śauca – purity, cleanliness, ritual purity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Implies the means by which the offering is sought or characterized

सत्कृतम् (satkṛtam) - honored, respectfully offered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satkṛta

satkṛta - honored, respected, well-treated, respectfully offered

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root kṛ (to do, to make) with prefix sat (good, real)

Prefix: sat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies the 'bahu' (gift)

देशकालयोः (deśakālayoḥ) - in the place and time, at the appropriate place and time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of deśakāla

deśakāla - place and time

Compound type : Dvandva (deśa+kāla)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)