महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-281, verse-3

विशिष्टस्य विशिष्टाच्च तुल्यौ दानप्रतिग्रहौ ।
तयोः पुण्यतरं दानं तद्द्विजस्य प्रयच्छतः ॥३॥

3. viśiṣṭasya viśiṣṭācca tulyau dānapratigrahau ,
tayoḥ puṇyataraṁ dānaṁ taddvijasya prayacchataḥ.

3. viśiṣṭasya viśiṣṭāt ca tulyau dānapratigrahau
tayoḥ puṇyataraṃ dānaṃ tat dvijasya prayacchataḥ

3. viśiṣṭasya viśiṣṭāt ca dānapratigrahau tulyau
tayoḥ dānaṃ tat dvijasya prayacchataḥ puṇyataram

3. Giving (dāna) to an excellent person (viśiṣṭa) and receiving (pratigraha) from an excellent person (viśiṣṭa) are considered equal. Among these two, however, giving (dāna) is more meritorious, especially when it is a Brahmin (dvija) who gives.

Words meanings summery:

• विशिष्टस्य (viśiṣṭasya) - of a distinguished person (of the distinguished, of the excellent, of the special)

• विशिष्टात् (viśiṣṭāt) - from a distinguished person (from the distinguished, from the excellent)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तुल्यौ (tulyau) - equal (in merit) (equal, similar, like)

• दानप्रतिग्रहौ (dānapratigrahau) - the acts of giving and receiving (giving and receiving, gifts and acceptances)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of these two (giving and receiving) (of them, of those two)

• पुण्यतरं (puṇyataraṁ) - more meritorious (more meritorious, more virtuous, more auspicious)

• दानं (dānaṁ) - the act of giving (dāna) (giving, gift, donation)

• तत् (tat) - that (giving) (that, this)

• द्विजस्य (dvijasya) - of a Brahmin (dvija) (of a twice-born, of a Brahmin, of a bird, of a tooth)

• प्रयच्छतः (prayacchataḥ) - of the giver (of one who gives, of the giver)

Words meanings and morphology

विशिष्टस्य (viśiṣṭasya) - of a distinguished person (of the distinguished, of the excellent, of the special)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, special, superior, particular

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'śiṣ' (to distinguish) with prefix 'vi-' and suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Genitive case can imply recipient in context of dāna.

विशिष्टात् (viśiṣṭāt) - from a distinguished person (from the distinguished, from the excellent)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, special, superior, particular

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'śiṣ' (to distinguish) with prefix 'vi-' and suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तुल्यौ (tulyau) - equal (in merit) (equal, similar, like)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, alike, comparable

From 'tulā' (scale) + 'ya' suffix.

दानप्रतिग्रहौ (dānapratigrahau) - the acts of giving and receiving (giving and receiving, gifts and acceptances)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dānapratigraha

dānapratigraha - giving and receiving, gifts and acceptances

Dvandva compound of 'dāna' and 'pratigraha'.

Compound type : Dvandva (dāna+pratigraha)

• dāna – giving, gift, donation, liberality
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dā' (to give) + 'ana' suffix.
  Root: dā (class 3)
• pratigraha – receiving, acceptance, gift (received)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'grah' (to seize, take) with prefix 'prati-' + 'a' suffix.
  Prefix: prati
  Root: grah (class 9)

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of these two (giving and receiving) (of them, of those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Masculine genitive dual.

पुण्यतरं (puṇyataraṁ) - more meritorious (more meritorious, more virtuous, more auspicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇyatara

puṇyatara - more meritorious, more virtuous, more auspicious (comparative of puṇya)

Comparative degree formed with suffix 'tara'.

दानं (dānaṁ) - the act of giving (dāna) (giving, gift, donation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation, liberality

From root 'dā' (to give) + 'ana' suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

तत् (tat) - that (giving) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'dānam'.

द्विजस्य (dvijasya) - of a Brahmin (dvija) (of a twice-born, of a Brahmin, of a bird, of a tooth)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth due to second birth/growth)

Compound of 'dvi' (twice) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix 'ḍa'
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born) with suffix 'ḍa'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

प्रयच्छतः (prayacchataḥ) - of the giver (of one who gives, of the giver)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prayacchat

prayacchat - giving, offering (present participle of pra-yam/yach)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'yam' (to give) with prefix 'pra-' and present participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)