महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-281, verse-11

वाचः शेषावहार्येण पालनेनात्मनोऽपि च ।
यथावद्भृत्यवर्गस्य चिकीर्षेद्धर्ममादितः ॥११॥

11. vācaḥ śeṣāvahāryeṇa pālanenātmano'pi ca ,
yathāvadbhṛtyavargasya cikīrṣeddharmamāditaḥ.

11. vācaḥ śeṣāpahāryeṇa pālanena ātmanaḥ api ca
yathāvat bhṛtyavargasya cikīrṣet dharmam āditaḥ

11. api ca vācaḥ śeṣāpahāryeṇa ātmanaḥ pālanena ca
yathāvat bhṛtyavargasya āditaḥ dharmam cikīrṣet

11. And by regulating one's speech, by protecting oneself, and by properly caring for one's dependents, one should endeavor to uphold their intrinsic nature (dharma) from the very beginning.

Words meanings summery:

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - of speech, of voice, from speech

• शेषापहार्येण (śeṣāpahāryeṇa) - by regulating (excessive) speech (by removing the remainder, by regulating the excess)

• पालनेन (pālanena) - by protecting, by guarding

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self (ātman)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• च (ca) - and, also

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, duly, according to rule

• भृत्यवर्गस्य (bhṛtyavargasya) - of the servant class, of dependents, of retainers

• चिकीर्षेत् (cikīrṣet) - one should desire to do, one should wish to perform

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness

• आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the beginning, primarily, properly

Words meanings and morphology

वाचः (vācaḥ) - of speech, of voice, from speech

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Could also be ablative singular. Genitive 'of speech' is more likely here.

शेषापहार्येण (śeṣāpahāryeṇa) - by regulating (excessive) speech (by removing the remainder, by regulating the excess)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śeṣāpahārin

śeṣāpahārin - one who takes away the remainder, one who removes the excess

From 'śeṣa' (remainder) + 'apahārin' (one who removes/takes away).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śeṣa+apahārin)

• śeṣa – remainder, rest, excess
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)
• apahārin – taking away, removing, seizing, stealing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from apahāra
  From 'apahāra' (taking away) + suffix '-in'. Root 'hṛ' with 'apa'.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

पालनेन (pālanena) - by protecting, by guarding

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pālana

pālana - protection, guarding, nourishing

From root pāl (to protect)

Root: pāl (class 10)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Also ablative singular. Genitive 'of oneself' is more fitting.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, duly, according to rule

(indeclinable)

From 'yathā' (as) + suffix 'vat' (like)

Note: Adverb.

भृत्यवर्गस्य (bhṛtyavargasya) - of the servant class, of dependents, of retainers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhṛtyavarga

bhṛtyavarga - class of servants, group of dependents, retinue

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhṛtya+varga)

• bhṛtya – servant, dependent, to be supported
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + suffix -tya
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• varga – class, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)

चिकीर्षेत् (cikīrṣet) - one should desire to do, one should wish to perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of cikīrṣ

Desiderative root

Desiderative of root 'kṛ' (to do, make). Formed as kṛ → ki → reduplication ci-kṛ → cikīrṣ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies an agent (one, a person).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious merit (dharma)

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cikīrṣet'.

आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the beginning, primarily, properly

(indeclinable)

From 'ādi' (beginning) + suffix 'tas' (from)