महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-281, verse-1

पराशर उवाच ।
कः कस्य चोपकुरुते कश्च कस्मै प्रयच्छति ।
प्राणी करोत्ययं कर्म सर्वमात्मार्थमात्मना ॥१॥

1. parāśara uvāca ,
kaḥ kasya copakurute kaśca kasmai prayacchati ,
prāṇī karotyayaṁ karma sarvamātmārthamātmanā.

1. parāśaraḥ uvāca kaḥ kasya ca upakurute kaḥ ca kasmai
prayacchati prāṇī karoti ayam karma sarvam ātmārtham ātmanā

1. parāśaraḥ uvāca kaḥ kasya ca upakurute ca kaḥ kasmai
prayacchati ayam prāṇī ātmanā sarvam karma ātmārtham karoti

1. Parāśara said: "Who truly benefits another, and who truly gives to another? Every living being (prāṇī) performs all actions (karma) for their own sake, by themselves."

Words meanings summery:

• पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parāśara (a sage's name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• कस्य (kasya) - of whom, to whom

• च (ca) - and

• उपकुरुते (upakurute) - does good to, benefits, renders service

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• च (ca) - and

• कस्मै (kasmai) - to whom, for whom

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives, bestows, offers

• प्राणी (prāṇī) - a living being (prāṇī) (a living being, creature)

• करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine singular)

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, every, whole

• आत्मार्थम् (ātmārtham) - for the purpose of the self (ātman) (for one's own sake, for oneself)

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self (ātman) (by oneself, through one's own self)

Words meanings and morphology

पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parāśara (a sage's name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśara

parāśara - Parāśara (name of a celebrated Vedic sage, father of Vyāsa)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular active perfect from root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Precedes a direct quote.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of `upakurute`.

कस्य (kasya) - of whom, to whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Object of `upakurute` (takes genitive or dative with 'upa-kṛ').

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

उपकुरुते (upakurute) - does good to, benefits, renders service

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of upakṛ

Present

3rd person singular middle present from root 'kṛ' with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Takes genitive or dative for the beneficiary.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of `prayacchati`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कस्मै (kasmai) - to whom, for whom

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Indirect object of `prayacchati`.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives, bestows, offers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of prayach

Present

3rd person singular active present from root 'yam' (to give) with prefix 'pra', replacing 'yam' with 'yach' in present tense

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Transitive verb.

प्राणी (prāṇī) - a living being (prāṇī) (a living being, creature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇin

prāṇin - living being, animate creature, having breath

Derived from 'prāṇa' (breath, life-force)

Note: Subject of `karoti`.

करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of kṛ

Present

3rd person singular active present from root 'kṛ'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Transitive verb.

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `prāṇī`.

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of actions (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `karoti`.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, every, whole

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies `karma`.

आत्मार्थम् (ātmārtham) - for the purpose of the self (ātman) (for one's own sake, for oneself)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'ātman' (self) and 'artha' (purpose, sake), used adverbially with suffix -am

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+artha)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman), essence
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial use.

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self (ātman) (by oneself, through one's own self)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman), essence

Note: Instrument, indicating the agent of the action.