महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-281, verse-19

येऽर्था धर्मेण ते सत्या येऽधर्मेण धिगस्तु तान् ।
धर्मं वै शाश्वतं लोके न जह्याद्धनकाङ्क्षया ॥१९॥

19. ye'rthā dharmeṇa te satyā ye'dharmeṇa dhigastu tān ,
dharmaṁ vai śāśvataṁ loke na jahyāddhanakāṅkṣayā.

19. ye arthāḥ dharmeṇa te satyāḥ ye adharmeṇa dhik astu
tān dharmam vai śāśvatam loke na jahyāt dhanakāṅkṣayā

19. ye arthāḥ dharmeṇa te satyāḥ; ye adharmeṇa,
tān dhik astu; vai loke śāśvatam dharmam dhanakāṅkṣayā na jahyāt

19. The material gains (artha) that are acquired through righteous conduct (dharma) are genuine. Those acquired through unrighteous conduct (adharma)—shame upon them! Indeed, one should not abandon the eternal natural law (dharma) in this world out of a desire for wealth.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - which, who, those who

• अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - material gains (artha) (aims, goals, wealth, material gains, purposes)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by means of righteous conduct (dharma) (by means of dharma, by righteous conduct, according to natural law)

• ते (te) - those, they

• सत्याः (satyāḥ) - true, real, genuine

• ये (ye) - which, who, those who

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by means of unrighteous conduct (adharma) (by means of unrighteousness, by unrighteous conduct)

• धिक् (dhik) - shame, fie, woe (interjection)

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (dharma, natural law, righteous conduct)

• वै (vai) - verily, indeed, surely

• शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal, perpetual, everlasting

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• न (na) - not

• जह्यात् (jahyāt) - one should abandon, one should give up

• धनकाङ्क्षया (dhanakāṅkṣayā) - by desire for wealth, for the sake of wealth

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - which, who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun.

अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - material gains (artha) (aims, goals, wealth, material gains, purposes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, material possession, gain

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by means of righteous conduct (dharma) (by means of dharma, by righteous conduct, according to natural law)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteous conduct, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

सत्याः (satyāḥ) - true, real, genuine

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satya

satya - true, real, genuine, sincere, truth

From 'sat' (being, true) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'arthāḥ'.

ये (ye) - which, who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, implying 'ye arthāḥ' (which gains).

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by means of unrighteous conduct (adharma) (by means of unrighteousness, by unrighteous conduct)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, unconstitutional action

Derived from 'na' (not) + 'dharma'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dharma)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteous conduct, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धिक् (dhik) - shame, fie, woe (interjection)

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses condemnation.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here to express a curse or strong condemnation ('let shame be').

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: The object of 'dhik'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (dharma, natural law, righteous conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteous conduct, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jahyāt'.

वै (vai) - verily, indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal, perpetual, everlasting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, constant

From 'śaśvat' (always, continually)

Note: Modifies 'dharmam'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, human beings

Root: lok (class 10)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

जह्यात् (jahyāt) - one should abandon, one should give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hā

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Implies 'one should abandon'.

धनकाङ्क्षया (dhanakāṅkṣayā) - by desire for wealth, for the sake of wealth

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhanakāṅkṣā

dhanakāṅkṣā - desire for wealth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+kāṅkṣā)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kāṅkṣā – desire, wish, longing
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'kāṅkṣ' (to desire)
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used to express 'for the sake of' or 'due to'.