महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-230, verse-16

उत्सीदन्ति स्वधर्माश्च तत्राधर्मेण पीडिताः ।
गवां भूमेश्च ये चापामोषधीनां च ये रसाः ॥१६॥

16. utsīdanti svadharmāśca tatrādharmeṇa pīḍitāḥ ,
gavāṁ bhūmeśca ye cāpāmoṣadhīnāṁ ca ye rasāḥ.

16. utsīdanti svadharmāḥ ca tatra adharmeṇa pīḍitāḥ
gavām bhūmeḥ ca ye ca apām oṣadhīnām ca ye rasāḥ

16. svadharmāḥ ca adharmeṇa pīḍitāḥ tatra utsīdanti
gavām bhūmeḥ ca apām ca oṣadhīnām ca ye rasāḥ

16. And their own intrinsic natures (dharma) perish, oppressed there by unrighteousness (adharma). Also, those vital essences (rasāḥ) of cows, of the earth, of waters, and of medicinal plants (oṣadhī) also decline.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्सीदन्ति (utsīdanti) - they perish, they decline, they are destroyed

• स्वधर्माः (svadharmāḥ) - their own intrinsic natures (dharma), their own duties

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place/situation

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness (adharma), by injustice, by irreligion

• पीडिताः (pīḍitāḥ) - oppressed, tormented, afflicted

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - of the earth, of land

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - which, those who (masculine plural nominative)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपाम् (apām) - of waters

• ओषधीनाम् (oṣadhīnām) - of herbs, of medicinal plants

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - which, those who (masculine plural nominative)

• रसाः (rasāḥ) - vital essences (essences, juices, flavors, tastes, vital fluids)

Words meanings and morphology

उत्सीदन्ति (utsīdanti) - they perish, they decline, they are destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ut-sad

present indicative

3rd person plural, active voice, from √sad with prefix ut

Prefix: ut

Root: sad (class 1)

स्वधर्माः (svadharmāḥ) - their own intrinsic natures (dharma), their own duties

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svadharma

svadharma - one's own duty, one's own intrinsic nature (dharma), one's own constitution

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dharma)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law (dharma), intrinsic nature (dharma), constitution (dharma), duty, righteousness, moral order
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place/situation

(indeclinable)

Root: tad

Note: Refers to the context of the degenerating ages.

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness (adharma), by injustice, by irreligion

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness (adharma), injustice, irreligion, evil, vice, that which is contrary to dharma

Compound type : nav-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  negating prefix
• dharma – natural law (dharma), intrinsic nature (dharma), constitution (dharma), duty, righteousness, moral order
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Denotes the agent of oppression.

पीडिताः (pīḍitāḥ) - oppressed, tormented, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pīḍita

pīḍita - oppressed, tormented, afflicted, distressed

Past Passive Participle

derived from √pīḍ (to oppress, torment)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - of the earth, of land

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'gavām' and 'bhūmeḥ'.

ये (ye) - which, those who (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - which, what, who, whichever, whatever

relative pronoun

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ye' (rasas of earth/cows) and 'apām' (rasas of waters).

अपाम् (apām) - of waters

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water, waters

always plural in this meaning

ओषधीनाम् (oṣadhīnām) - of herbs, of medicinal plants

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of oṣadhī

oṣadhī - herb, medicinal plant, annual plant

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'oṣadhīnām' with the previous items.

ये (ye) - which, those who (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - which, what, who, whichever, whatever

relative pronoun

रसाः (rasāḥ) - vital essences (essences, juices, flavors, tastes, vital fluids)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rasa

rasa - juice, liquid, essence, taste, flavor, sentiment, vital fluid

Root: ras (class 1)

Note: The subject of the implied verb 'utsīdanti'.