महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-230, verse-13

परिनिष्ठितकार्यो हि स्वाध्यायेन द्विजो भवेत् ।
कुर्यादन्यन्न वा कुर्यान्मैत्रो ब्राह्मण उच्यते ॥१३॥

13. pariniṣṭhitakāryo hi svādhyāyena dvijo bhavet ,
kuryādanyanna vā kuryānmaitro brāhmaṇa ucyate.

13. pariniṣṭhitakāryaḥ hi svādhyāyena dvijaḥ bhavet
kuryāt anyat na vā kuryāt maitraḥ brāhmaṇaḥ ucyate

13. Indeed, a twice-born (dvija) accomplishes his duties through self-study (svādhyāya). Whether he performs other actions or not, such a benevolent individual (maitra) is called a Brāhmaṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• परिनिष्ठितकार्यः (pariniṣṭhitakāryaḥ) - one whose duties are accomplished (one whose duty/work is completed/perfected)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - through self-study (svādhyāya) (by self-study, by study of the Vedas)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija) person (referring to a Brāhmaṇa in this context) (twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should become / accomplishes (may be, should be, becomes)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - performs (may do, should do, would do)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other actions/duties (other, another)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - performs (may do, should do, would do)

• मैत्रः (maitraḥ) - such a benevolent individual (maitra) (friendly, benevolent, belonging to Mitra, a friend of all)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmaṇa (a Brāhmaṇa, a priest, one related to Brahman)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is spoken of)

Words meanings and morphology

परिनिष्ठितकार्यः (pariniṣṭhitakāryaḥ) - one whose duties are accomplished (one whose duty/work is completed/perfected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariniṣṭhitakārya

pariniṣṭhitakārya - one whose work is complete, perfectly done work

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pariniṣṭhita+kārya)

• pariniṣṭhita – completed, perfected, established
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sthā (to stand) with prefixes pari and ni
  Prefixes: pari+ni
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• kārya – to be done, duty, work, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective describing dvijaḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle emphasizing a statement.

स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - through self-study (svādhyāya) (by self-study, by study of the Vedas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of the Vedas, recitation of sacred texts

action noun

From sva (self) and adhyāya (study)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• adhyāya – study, reading, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From adhi-i (to go over, study)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Means of accomplishing duties.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija) person (referring to a Brāhmaṇa in this context) (twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Formed from dvi (twice) and ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  suffix -ja
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb bhavet.

भवेत् (bhavet) - should become / accomplishes (may be, should be, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhavet

Optative

Root bhū, Optative, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - performs (may do, should do, would do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kuryāt

Optative

Root kṛ, Optative, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Applies to the implied Brāhmaṇa.

अन्यत् (anyat) - other actions/duties (other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Can also be accusative singular.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Used to express alternative actions.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - performs (may do, should do, would do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kuryāt

Optative

Root kṛ, Optative, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Applies to the implied Brāhmaṇa.

मैत्रः (maitraḥ) - such a benevolent individual (maitra) (friendly, benevolent, belonging to Mitra, a friend of all)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maitra

maitra - friendly, benevolent, relating to Mitra (friendship/sun god)

Derived from mitra (friend).

Note: Describes brāhmaṇaḥ.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmaṇa (a Brāhmaṇa, a priest, one related to Brahman)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a member of the priestly class, a Brahmin, related to Brahman

Derived from brahman (Vedic text, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality).

Note: Subject of the verb ucyate.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is spoken of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ucyate

Present passive

Root vac, Present Passive 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)