महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-230, verse-12

आरम्भयज्ञाः क्षत्रस्य हविर्यज्ञा विशः स्मृताः ।
परिचारयज्ञाः शूद्राश्च जपयज्ञा द्विजातयः ॥१२॥

12. ārambhayajñāḥ kṣatrasya haviryajñā viśaḥ smṛtāḥ ,
paricārayajñāḥ śūdrāśca japayajñā dvijātayaḥ.

12. ārambhayajñāḥ kṣatrasya haviryajñāḥ viśaḥ smṛtāḥ
paricārayajñāḥ śūdrāḥ ca japayajñāḥ dvijātayaḥ

12. The performance of initial undertakings (yajña) is for the Kṣatriya class. The offering of oblations (yajña) is considered to be for the Vaiśya class. Service (yajña) is for the Śūdra class, and silent recitation (yajña) is for the twice-born (dvijātayaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• आरम्भयज्ञाः (ārambhayajñāḥ) - those whose sacrificial act (yajña) is the commencement of actions (those for whom undertaking is a yajña)

• क्षत्रस्य (kṣatrasya) - of the Kṣatriya class (of the warrior class, of sovereignty)

• हविर्यज्ञाः (haviryajñāḥ) - whose sacrificial act (yajña) consists of oblations (those for whom oblations are the yajña)

• विशः (viśaḥ) - of the Vaiśya class (of the people, of the Vaiśyas)

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered (remembered, known, considered, stated in tradition)

• परिचारयज्ञाः (paricārayajñāḥ) - whose sacrificial act (yajña) is service (those for whom service is the yajña)

• शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - the Śūdra class (Śūdras (the fourth social class))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जपयज्ञाः (japayajñāḥ) - whose sacrificial act (yajña) is silent recitation (those for whom chanting is the yajña)

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (dvijātayaḥ) (here primarily Brāhmaṇas given the context of japa) (twice-born ones (Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas))

Words meanings and morphology

आरम्भयज्ञाः (ārambhayajñāḥ) - those whose sacrificial act (yajña) is the commencement of actions (those for whom undertaking is a yajña)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārambhayajña

ārambhayajña - sacrifice of undertaking/commencement

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ārambha+yajña)

• ārambha – beginning, undertaking, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From ā-rambh (to begin)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: rambh (class 1)
• yajña – sacrifice, offering, worship, ritual
  noun (masculine)
  From root yaj (to sacrifice)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate for kṣatrasya implied with smṛtāḥ.

क्षत्रस्य (kṣatrasya) - of the Kṣatriya class (of the warrior class, of sovereignty)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - dominion, power, rule, warrior class

Root: kṣi

Note: Denotes possession or association.

हविर्यज्ञाः (haviryajñāḥ) - whose sacrificial act (yajña) consists of oblations (those for whom oblations are the yajña)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haviryajña

haviryajña - sacrifice of oblations

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (havis+yajña)

• havis – oblation, offering
  noun (neuter)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• yajña – sacrifice, offering, worship, ritual
  noun (masculine)
  From root yaj (to sacrifice)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate for viśaḥ implied with smṛtāḥ.

विशः (viśaḥ) - of the Vaiśya class (of the people, of the Vaiśyas)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, community, the third class (Vaiśyas)

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Denotes possession or association.

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered (remembered, known, considered, stated in tradition)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, known, considered, stated

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Applies to both ārambhayajñāḥ and haviryajñāḥ.

परिचारयज्ञाः (paricārayajñāḥ) - whose sacrificial act (yajña) is service (those for whom service is the yajña)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paricārayajña

paricārayajña - sacrifice of service

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (paricāra+yajña)

• paricāra – service, attendance
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From pari-car (to attend, serve)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: car (class 1)
• yajña – sacrifice, offering, worship, ritual
  noun (masculine)
  From root yaj (to sacrifice)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate for śūdrāḥ.

शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - the Śūdra class (Śūdras (the fourth social class))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class

Note: Subject of the implied sentence.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses or lists.

जपयज्ञाः (japayajñāḥ) - whose sacrificial act (yajña) is silent recitation (those for whom chanting is the yajña)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of japayajña

japayajña - sacrifice of chanting/recitation

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (japa+yajña)

• japa – murmuring, whispering, silent recitation (of mantras)
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From root jap (to murmur, chant)
  Root: jap (class 1)
• yajña – sacrifice, offering, worship, ritual
  noun (masculine)
  From root yaj (to sacrifice)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate for dvijātayaḥ.

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (dvijātayaḥ) (here primarily Brāhmaṇas given the context of japa) (twice-born ones (Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (traditionally Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, but often referring to Brāhmaṇas in ritual contexts)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, species, class
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implied sentence.