महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-206, verse-19

दुःखं विद्यादुपादानादभिमानाच्च वर्धते ।
त्यागात्तेभ्यो निरोधः स्यान्निरोधज्ञो विमुच्यते ॥१९॥

19. duḥkhaṁ vidyādupādānādabhimānācca vardhate ,
tyāgāttebhyo nirodhaḥ syānnirodhajño vimucyate.

19. duḥkham vidyāt upādānāt abhimānāt ca vardhate
tyāgāt tebhyaḥ nirodhaḥ syāt nirodhajñaḥ vimucyate

19. (janaḥ) vidyāt yat duḥkham upādānāt abhimānāt ca vardhate.
tebhyaḥ tyāgāt nirodhaḥ syāt.
nirodhajñaḥ vimucyate.

19. One should understand that suffering (duḥkha) increases due to grasping and egoism. From abandoning these, cessation (of suffering) would result. One who knows this cessation is liberated (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand, let him know

• उपादानात् (upādānāt) - from attachment or clinging to objects and ideas (from grasping, from taking, from attachment, from cause)

• अभिमानात् (abhimānāt) - from the sense of 'I' and 'mine' (from egoism, from self-conceit, from pride)

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्धते (vardhate) - increases, grows, thrives

• त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - from abandonment, from renunciation, from giving up

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from 'grasping (upādāna)' and 'egoism (abhimāna)' (from them, to them)

• निरोधः (nirodhaḥ) - cessation of suffering (cessation, suppression, control, restraint)

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be, should be, results

• निरोधज्ञः (nirodhajñaḥ) - one who knows cessation, knower of cessation

• विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - achieves liberation (mokṣa) (is liberated, is released, is set free)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: Direct object of implied 'know' (vidyāt).

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand, let him know

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vid

optative mood

From root vid (class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used impersonally as 'one should know'.

उपादानात् (upādānāt) - from attachment or clinging to objects and ideas (from grasping, from taking, from attachment, from cause)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of upādāna

upādāna - taking, grasping, acquiring, material cause, attachment, clinging

From upa-ā-dā (to take up).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Indicates the cause of suffering.

अभिमानात् (abhimānāt) - from the sense of 'I' and 'mine' (from egoism, from self-conceit, from pride)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of abhimāna

abhimāna - pride, self-conceit, egoism, notion of 'I'

From abhi-man (to think highly of oneself).

Prefix: abhi

Root: man (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects upādānāt and abhimānāt.

वर्धते (vardhate) - increases, grows, thrives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

present

From root vṛdh (class 1)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Subject is duḥkham.

त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - from abandonment, from renunciation, from giving up

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice, giving up

From root tyaj (to abandon).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from 'grasping (upādāna)' and 'egoism (abhimāna)' (from them, to them)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

निरोधः (nirodhaḥ) - cessation of suffering (cessation, suppression, control, restraint)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirodha

nirodha - checking, restraining, suppression, cessation, obstruction

From ni-rudh (to check, restrain).

Prefix: ni

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Subject of syāt.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be, should be, results

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

optative mood

From root as (class 2).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses possibility or consequence.

निरोधज्ञः (nirodhajñaḥ) - one who knows cessation, knower of cessation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirodhajña

nirodhajña - knowing cessation, one who knows cessation

Compound of nirodha and jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nirodha+jña)

• nirodha – cessation, suppression
  noun (masculine)
  From ni-rudh.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: rudh (class 7)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of vimucyate.

विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - achieves liberation (mokṣa) (is liberated, is released, is set free)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

present

From root muc (class 6), with prefix vi. Passive voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)