महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-206, verse-1

गुरुरुवाच ।
रजसा साध्यते मोहस्तमसा च नरर्षभ ।
क्रोधलोभौ भयं दर्प एतेषां साधनाच्छुचिः ॥१॥

1. gururuvāca ,
rajasā sādhyate mohastamasā ca nararṣabha ,
krodhalobhau bhayaṁ darpa eteṣāṁ sādhanācchuciḥ.

1. rajasa sādhyate mohaḥ tamasā ca nararṣabha
krodhalobhau bhayam darpaḥ eteṣām sādhanāt śuciḥ

1. nararṣabha rajasā ca tamasā mohaḥ sādhyate
krodhalobhau bhayam darpaḥ eteṣām sādhanāt śuciḥ

1. The Guru said: O best among men, delusion is brought about by passion (rajas) and by ignorance (tamas). Anger, greed, fear, and arrogance – by subduing these, one becomes pure.

Words meanings summery:

• रजस (rajasa) - by passion, by rajas

• साध्यते (sādhyate) - is accomplished, is brought about, results

• मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion, infatuation, bewilderment

• तमसा (tamasā) - by ignorance, by tamas

• च (ca) - and, also

• नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O best among men

• क्रोधलोभौ (krodhalobhau) - anger and greed

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• दर्पः (darpaḥ) - arrogance, pride, conceit

• एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - of these

• साधनात् (sādhanāt) - by means of, through control/subduing

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure, clean, holy

Words meanings and morphology

रजस (rajasa) - by passion, by rajas

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dust, the quality of rajas

साध्यते (sādhyate) - is accomplished, is brought about, results

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of sādh

Present Tense, Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

From √sādh (to accomplish, effect)

Root: sādh (class 5)

मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion, infatuation, bewilderment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, ignorance

From √muh (to be bewildered, confused)

Root: muh (class 4)

तमसा (tamasā) - by ignorance, by tamas

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, the quality of tamas

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O best among men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, best of men

Compound: nara (man) + ṛṣabha (bull, excellent one)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

क्रोधलोभौ (krodhalobhau) - anger and greed

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of krodhalobha

krodhalobha - anger and greed

Compound of krodha and lobha

Compound type : dvandva (krodha+lobha)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From √krudh (to be angry)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• lobha – greed, covetousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √lubh (to covet, desire)
  Root: lubh (class 4)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

From √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

दर्पः (darpaḥ) - arrogance, pride, conceit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darpa

darpa - arrogance, pride, vanity

From √dṛp (to be proud, arrogant)

Root: dṛp (class 4)

एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - of these

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this (pronoun)

Note: Refers to krodhalobhau, bhayam, darpaḥ

साधनात् (sādhanāt) - by means of, through control/subduing

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sādhana

sādhana - accomplishing, means, instrument, control, subduing

From √sādh (to accomplish, effect)

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Implies 'by means of controlling/subduing'

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure, clean, holy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, holy

Note: Implies 'one becomes pure'