महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-157, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
त्रयोदशैतेऽतिबलाः शत्रवः प्राणिनां स्मृताः ।
उपासते महाराज समस्ताः पुरुषानिह ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
trayodaśaite'tibalāḥ śatravaḥ prāṇināṁ smṛtāḥ ,
upāsate mahārāja samastāḥ puruṣāniha.

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca trayodaśa ete atibalāḥ śatravaḥ
prāṇinām smṛtāḥ upāsate mahārāja samastāḥ puruṣān iha

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca mahārāja ete trayodaśa atibalāḥ
prāṇinām śatravaḥ smṛtāḥ samastāḥ iha puruṣān upāsate

3. Bhishma said: These thirteen exceedingly powerful (atibala) ones are remembered as the enemies of living beings. O great king, they collectively beset all people (puruṣa) in this world.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen

• एते (ete) - refers to the list of thirteen vices/qualities just mentioned by Yudhishthira (these)

• अतिबलाः (atibalāḥ) - exceedingly powerful, very strong

• शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies

• प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings, of creatures

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, considered, known

• उपासते (upāsate) - they beset, afflict, or are present with (people) (they attend upon, besiege, serve, worship)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Yudhishthira, great king (O great king)

• समस्ताः (samastāḥ) - collectively, as a whole group (referring to the enemies) (all, entire, whole, assembled)

• पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men, human beings, persons

• इह (iha) - in this world, among people (here) (here, in this world, in this case)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

From root 'bhīṣ' (to frighten).

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect stem of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen

(numeral)

Compound type : dvigu (traya+daśan)

• traya – three
  numeral
  Stem for 'three' in compounds.
• daśan – ten
  numeral
  Stem for 'ten' in compounds.

Note: Agrees with 'ete' and 'śatravaḥ'.

एते (ete) - refers to the list of thirteen vices/qualities just mentioned by Yudhishthira (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative plural form of 'etad'.

Note: Subject of the sentence, pointing to the previously enumerated items.

अतिबलाः (atibalāḥ) - exceedingly powerful, very strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atibala

atibala - exceedingly strong, very powerful, formidable

Tatpurusha compound: 'ati' (exceedingly) + 'bala' (strength).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+bala)

• ati – over, beyond, exceedingly, too much
  indeclinable
  A prefix or adverb indicating excess or superiority.
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'ete'.

शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

Root: śat (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative, refers to the list of vices.

प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prāṇin

prāṇin - living being, creature, sentient being

From 'prāṇa' (life breath) + possessive suffix '-in'.

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Indicates possession or relationship: 'enemies of living beings'.

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, considered, known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, known as

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'smṛ' (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Serves as a predicate adjective.

उपासते (upāsate) - they beset, afflict, or are present with (people) (they attend upon, besiege, serve, worship)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Present tense, 3rd person plural

Root 'ās' (to sit) with prefix 'upa' (near, towards). Here used in an active sense with an accusative object.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Subject is the implied 'these thirteen (enemies)'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Yudhishthira, great king (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Karmadhāraya compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form of 'mahat' (great) used in compounds.
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  N-stem noun, from root 'rāj' (to rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

समस्ताः (samastāḥ) - collectively, as a whole group (referring to the enemies) (all, entire, whole, assembled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samasta

samasta - all, entire, whole, collective, joined together

From prefix 'sam' (together, completely) + root 'as' (to throw, put).

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective to the implied subject of 'upāsate'.

पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men, human beings, persons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, cosmic person (puruṣa)

From root 'pṛ' (to fill).

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Direct object of 'upāsate'.

इह (iha) - in this world, among people (here) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)