महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-157, verse-5

एभ्यः प्रवर्तते दुःखमेभ्यः पापं प्रवर्तते ।
इति मर्त्यो विजानीयात्सततं भरतर्षभ ॥५॥

5. ebhyaḥ pravartate duḥkhamebhyaḥ pāpaṁ pravartate ,
iti martyo vijānīyātsatataṁ bharatarṣabha.

5. ebhyaḥ pravartate duḥkham ebhyaḥ pāpam pravartate
iti martyaḥ vijānīyāt satatam bharatarṣabha

5. bharatarṣabha ebhyaḥ duḥkham pravartate ebhyaḥ
pāpam pravartate iti martyaḥ satatam vijānīyāt

5. O best of Bharatas, from these (vices/senses) suffering arises, and from these, sin arises. A mortal should always understand this.

Words meanings summery:

• एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) - from these, for these

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - it proceeds, it arises, it begins

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, pain

• एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) - from these, for these

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - it proceeds, it arises, it begins

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotative particle)

• मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - a mortal, a human being

• विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - he should know, he should understand

• सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) - from these, for these

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, that

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - it proceeds, it arises, it begins

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of pravart

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, difficulty, suffering

एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) - from these, for these

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, that

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - bad, evil, wicked; sin, evil deed

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - it proceeds, it arises, it begins

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of pravart

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotative particle)

(indeclinable)

मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - a mortal, a human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of martya

martya - mortal, human; a mortal man

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - he should know, he should understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vijñā

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tan with prefix sa-

Prefix: sa

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Used as an adverb here.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas (a royal epithet)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)