महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-157, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यतः प्रभवति क्रोधः कामश्च भरतर्षभ ।
शोकमोहौ विवित्सा च परासुत्वं तथा मदः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yataḥ prabhavati krodhaḥ kāmaśca bharatarṣabha ,
śokamohau vivitsā ca parāsutvaṁ tathā madaḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yataḥ prabhavati krodhaḥ kāmaḥ ca
bharatarṣabha śokamohau vivitsā ca parāsutvam tathā madaḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha yataḥ krodhaḥ ca kāmaḥ
ca śokamohau ca vivitsā tathā parāsutvam madaḥ prabhavati

1. Yudhishthira said: O best of Bharatas, from what (source) arise anger, and desire, grief, and delusion, as well as the desire to know, the state of being lifeless, and arrogance?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यतः (yataḥ) - from what (source) (from which, whence, because)

• प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises, originates, comes forth

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger, wrath

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire, wish, love

• च (ca) - and

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address to Bhishma, who belongs to the Bharata lineage. (O best of Bharatas)

• शोकमोहौ (śokamohau) - grief and delusion

• विवित्सा (vivitsā) - desire to know, curiosity

• च (ca) - and

• परासुत्वम् (parāsutvam) - state of being breathless, lifelessness, death

• तथा (tathā) - and, as well as (so, thus, and, also)

• मदः (madaḥ) - arrogance, pride (intoxication, arrogance, pride, delight)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle; Yudhishthira (the eldest of the Pandava brothers in the Mahabharata)

Aluk-tatpurusha compound: 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – steady, firm, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect stem of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

यतः (yataḥ) - from what (source) (from which, whence, because)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of the pronoun 'yat', used adverbially.

प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises, originates, comes forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prabhav

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root 'bhū' (to be, become) with prefix 'pra' (forth, greatly).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger, wrath

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, fury

From root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: One of the subjects of 'prabhavati'.

कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire, wish, love

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing, love, pleasure, lust

From root 'kam' (to desire, love).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'prabhavati'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address to Bhishma, who belongs to the Bharata lineage. (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bharatas; best among the Bharatas (a lineage of kings)

Tatpurusha compound: 'bharata' (of Bharata) + 'ṛṣabha' (bull, excellent one).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata; a member of the Bharata lineage
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, excellent one, best
  noun (masculine)

शोकमोहौ (śokamohau) - grief and delusion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śokamoha

śokamoha - grief and delusion (collectively)

Dvandva (copulative) compound of 'śoka' and 'moha'.

Compound type : dvandva (śoka+moha)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śuc' (to grieve, mourn).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• moha – delusion, infatuation, bewilderment, ignorance
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'muh' (to be bewildered, faint).
  Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subjects of 'prabhavati'.

विवित्सा (vivitsā) - desire to know, curiosity

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vivitsā

vivitsā - desire to know, curiosity, inquisitiveness

Desiderative formation

Derived from the desiderative stem of root 'vid' (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'prabhavati'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

परासुत्वम् (parāsutvam) - state of being breathless, lifelessness, death

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parāsutva

parāsutva - state of having lost breath, lifelessness, death

Abstract noun formed from 'parāsu' (having lost breath) with the suffix '-tva'.

Note: Subject of 'prabhavati'.

तथा (tathā) - and, as well as (so, thus, and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects elements in a list.

मदः (madaḥ) - arrogance, pride (intoxication, arrogance, pride, delight)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mada

mada - intoxication, arrogance, pride, delight, passion, rut (of animals)

From root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, delighted, proud).

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'prabhavati'.