महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-157, verse-10

प्रीतेः शोकः प्रभवति वियोगात्तस्य देहिनः ।
यदा निरर्थकं वेत्ति तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥१०॥

10. prīteḥ śokaḥ prabhavati viyogāttasya dehinaḥ ,
yadā nirarthakaṁ vetti tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati.

10. prīteḥ śokaḥ prabhavati viyogāt tasya dehinaḥ
yadā nirarthakam vetti tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati

10. śokaḥ prīteḥ viyogāt tasya dehinaḥ prabhavati
yadā nirarthakam vetti tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati

10. Sorrow (śoka) arises from affection (prīti) due to the separation from that embodied being (dehin). When one understands it to be meaningless, then sorrow immediately vanishes.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रीतेः (prīteḥ) - from affection, from love, from attachment

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

• प्रभवति (prabhavati) - it arises, it originates, it proceeds from

• वियोगात् (viyogāt) - from separation, from disjunction, from parting

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, of him, of her

• देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied one, of the living being, of the soul in a body

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• निरर्थकम् (nirarthakam) - meaningless, useless, worthless

• वेत्ति (vetti) - one knows, one understands, one perceives

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, at once, instantly

• प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - it perishes, it is destroyed, it vanishes completely

Words meanings and morphology

प्रीतेः (prīteḥ) - from affection, from love, from attachment

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - love, affection, fondness, joy, pleasure, satisfaction

From root prī (to please, to love)

Root: prī (class 9)

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish, distress

From root śuc (to sorrow, to burn)

Root: śuc (class 1)

प्रभवति (prabhavati) - it arises, it originates, it proceeds from

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense, active voice

1st class verb, active voice (parasmaipada)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

वियोगात् (viyogāt) - from separation, from disjunction, from parting

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of viyoga

viyoga - separation, disjunction, absence, loss, parting

From vi- + yuj (to join)

Prefix: vi

Root: yuj (class 7)

तस्य (tasya) - of that, of him, of her

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied one, of the living being, of the soul in a body

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dehin

dehin - embodied, living being, the soul in a body, an animal

From deha (body) + -in (possessive suffix)

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb from relative pronoun yad

निरर्थकम् (nirarthakam) - meaningless, useless, worthless

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirarthaka

nirarthaka - meaningless, useless, vain, worthless, futile

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (nis+arthaka)

• nis – out, without, free from (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• arthaka – having meaning, serving a purpose, profitable
  adjective (neuter)
  From artha (purpose, meaning)
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Object of 'vetti'

वेत्ति (vetti) - one knows, one understands, one perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense, active voice

2nd class verb, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vid (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb from demonstrative pronoun tad

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, at once, instantly

(indeclinable)

प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - it perishes, it is destroyed, it vanishes completely

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Present tense, active voice

4th class verb, active voice (parasmaipada)

Prefix: pra

Root: naś (class 4)