महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-145, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
विमानस्थौ तु तौ राजँल्लुब्धको वै ददर्श ह ।
दृष्ट्वा तौ दंपती दुःखादचिन्तयत सद्गतिम् ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
vimānasthau tu tau rājaँllubdhako vai dadarśa ha ,
dṛṣṭvā tau daṁpatī duḥkhādacintayata sadgatim.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca vimānasthau tu tau rājan lubdhakaḥ vai
dadarśa ha dṛṣṭvā tau daṃpatī duḥkhāt acintayata sadgatim

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rājan lubdhakaḥ tu vai ha tau vimānasthau dadarśa.
tau daṃpatī dṛṣṭvā duḥkhāt sadgatim acintayata

1. Bhishma said, "O King, the hunter indeed saw those two (the bird and his wife) in the celestial chariot. Having seen that couple, he sorrowfully pondered the path to a good destiny."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the narrator of the story. (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said. (he said, he spoke)

• विमानस्थौ (vimānasthau) - (The bird and his wife were) situated in a celestial chariot. (situated in a celestial chariot)

• तु (tu) - Indeed, emphasizing the statement. (but, indeed, yet, however)

• तौ (tau) - Those two (the bird and his wife). (those two, them two)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira, to whom Bhishma is speaking). (O King)

• लुब्धकः (lubdhakaḥ) - The specific hunter from the narrative. (hunter)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizing the certainty of the observation. (indeed, surely, verily)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - The hunter saw (the bird and his wife). (he saw)

• ह (ha) - Emphatic particle, akin to 'vai'. (indeed, verily)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Having seen those two (the bird and his wife). (having seen)

• तौ (tau) - Those two (the bird and his wife). (those two, them two)

• दंपती (daṁpatī) - The couple (the bird and his wife). (husband and wife, couple)

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - With sorrow, sorrowfully. (from sorrow, on account of sorrow)

• अचिन्तयत (acintayata) - He (the hunter) reflected (on the good destiny). (he thought, he considered, he reflected)

• सद्गतिम् (sadgatim) - The path to a good destiny. (good path, good destiny, salvation, liberation (mokṣa))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the narrator of the story. (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said. (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, Active voice (Parasmaipada)

Third person singular perfect form of the root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

विमानस्थौ (vimānasthau) - (The bird and his wife were) situated in a celestial chariot. (situated in a celestial chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vimānastha

vimānastha - standing/situated in a celestial chariot

Tatpuruṣa compound (vimāne sthitaḥ, 'one standing in a celestial chariot').

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vimāna+stha)

• vimāna – celestial chariot, aerial car
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from the root mā (to measure) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: mā (class 3)
• stha – standing, situated, dwelling
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (kṛt affix 'a')
  Derived from the root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tau' (those two).

तु (tu) - Indeed, emphasizing the statement. (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

तौ (tau) - Those two (the bird and his wife). (those two, them two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira, to whom Bhishma is speaking). (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

लुब्धकः (lubdhakaḥ) - The specific hunter from the narrative. (hunter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lubdhaka

lubdhaka - hunter, fowler, greedy person

Derived from the root lubh (to desire, to be confused).

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'dadarśa' and 'acintayata'.

वै (vai) - Emphasizing the certainty of the observation. (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - The hunter saw (the bird and his wife). (he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, Active voice (Parasmaipada)

Third person singular perfect form of the root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ह (ha) - Emphatic particle, akin to 'vai'. (indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle, often used in narratives to mark past events.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Having seen those two (the bird and his wife). (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root dṛś with suffix ktvā, indicating a prior action by the main subject.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: An indeclinable participle.

तौ (tau) - Those two (the bird and his wife). (those two, them two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

दंपती (daṁpatī) - The couple (the bird and his wife). (husband and wife, couple)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of daṃpati

daṁpati - husband and wife, a married couple, master of the house

Dvandva compound of dam (house) and pati (master/husband). The dual form specifically denotes the pair.

Compound type : Dvandva (dam+pati)

• dam – house, home
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dam (class 4)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to 'tau'.

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - With sorrow, sorrowfully. (from sorrow, on account of sorrow)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, unhappiness

अचिन्तयत (acintayata) - He (the hunter) reflected (on the good destiny). (he thought, he considered, he reflected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of cint

Imperfect tense, Middle voice (Ātmanepada)

Third person singular imperfect form of the causative stem of root cit, with augment 'a'.

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: The main verb for the hunter's action.

सद्गतिम् (sadgatim) - The path to a good destiny. (good path, good destiny, salvation, liberation (mokṣa))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sadgati

sadgati - good path, right course, good state, salvation, liberation (mokṣa)

Tatpuruṣa compound (satī gatiḥ, 'a good path').

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sat+gati)

• sat – good, true, real, existent
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from the root as (to be). The 't' changes to 'd' in sandhi before a voiced consonant.
  Root: as (class 2)
• gati – going, movement, path, course, state, destiny
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from the root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'acintayata'.