महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-102, verse-15

प्रविशन्त्यतिवेगेन संपरायेऽभ्युपस्थिते ।
वारणा इव संमत्तास्ते भवन्ति दुरासदाः ॥१५॥

15. praviśantyativegena saṁparāye'bhyupasthite ,
vāraṇā iva saṁmattāste bhavanti durāsadāḥ.

15. praviśanti ativegena saṃparāye abhyupastite
vāraṇāḥ iva saṃmattāḥ te bhavanti durāsadāḥ

15. praviśanti ativegena saṃparāye abhyupastite
vāraṇāḥ iva saṃmattāḥ te bhavanti durāsadāḥ

15. They enter with great speed when battle has approached. Like frenzied elephants, they become formidable (difficult to approach).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रविशन्ति (praviśanti) - they enter, they go into

• अतिवेगेन (ativegena) - with great speed, very swiftly

• संपराये (saṁparāye) - in battle, in conflict

• अभ्युपस्तिते (abhyupastite) - (when battle) has approached (when it has approached, when it is present/at hand)

• वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants

• इव (iva) - like, as

• संमत्ताः (saṁmattāḥ) - frenzied, intoxicated, excited

• ते (te) - they

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - difficult to approach, formidable, inaccessible

Words meanings and morphology

प्रविशन्ति (praviśanti) - they enter, they go into

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √viś

Present Tense, Active Voice

3rd person, plural, present indicative.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

अतिवेगेन (ativegena) - with great speed, very swiftly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ativega

ativega - great speed, extreme velocity

Compound of ati (exceedingly) and vega (speed).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+vega)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, too much
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Adverb
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Used adverbially.

संपराये (saṁparāye) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃparāya

saṁparāya - battle, combat, conflict

From sam-parā-i (to go together/against)

Prefixes: sam+parā

Root: i (class 2)

अभ्युपस्तिते (abhyupastite) - (when battle) has approached (when it has approached, when it is present/at hand)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of abhyupasthita

abhyupasthita - approached, present, near, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root √sthā (to stand) with prefixes abhi and upa.

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant (also: warding off, preventing)

From root √vṛ (to cover, ward off)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

संमत्ताः (saṁmattāḥ) - frenzied, intoxicated, excited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃmatta

saṁmatta - intoxicated, frenzied, mad with excitement

Past Passive Participle

From root √mad (to be mad, intoxicated) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: mad (class 4)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √bhū

Present Tense, Active Voice

3rd person, plural, present indicative.

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - difficult to approach, formidable, inaccessible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, formidable, inaccessible, dangerous

Compound of dur (difficult) and āsada (approachable).

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dur+āsada)

• dur – bad, hard, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• āsada – approaching, coming near, access
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ā-√sad
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)