महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-12, verse-8

यस्तु तां स्पर्धया क्षुद्रः पाञ्चालीमानयत्सभाम् ।
स हतो भीमसेनेन वैरं प्रतिचिकीर्षता ॥८॥

8. yastu tāṁ spardhayā kṣudraḥ pāñcālīmānayatsabhām ,
sa hato bhīmasenena vairaṁ praticikīrṣatā.

8. yaḥ tu tām spardhayā kṣudraḥ pāñcālīm ānayat
sabhām saḥ hataḥ bhīmasenena vairam praticikīrṣatā

8. yaḥ tu kṣudraḥ स्पर्धया ताम् पाञ्चालीम् सभाम् आनयत्,
सः वैरम् प्रतिचिकीर्षता भीमसेनेन हतः।

8. But that wretched person who, out of rivalry, brought Pāñcālī (Draupadī) into the assembly, has been killed by Bhīmasena, who was intent on seeking vengeance.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine accusative)

• स्पर्धया (spardhayā) - by rivalry, with contention, out of envy

• क्षुद्रः (kṣudraḥ) - wretched, mean, base, small

• पाञ्चालीम् (pāñcālīm) - Princess of Pañcāla, i.e., Draupadī. (Pāñcālī (Draupadī))

• आनयत् (ānayat) - he brought

• सभाम् (sabhām) - to the assembly, to the council hall

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, revenge

• प्रतिचिकीर्षता (praticikīrṣatā) - by one wishing to return, desiring revenge, intending to retaliate

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्पर्धया (spardhayā) - by rivalry, with contention, out of envy

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of spardhā

spardhā - rivalry, emulation, contention, envy

From √spardh 'to vie, to contend, to rival'.

Root: spardh (class 1)

क्षुद्रः (kṣudraḥ) - wretched, mean, base, small

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, mean, base, wretched, low, insignificant

पाञ्चालीम् (pāñcālīm) - Princess of Pañcāla, i.e., Draupadī. (Pāñcālī (Draupadī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāñcālī

pāñcālī - Draupadī, princess of Pañcāla

Feminine derivative of Pañcāla (the country).

आनयत् (ānayat) - he brought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ānay

Imperfect tense, 3rd person, singular, active voice. From √nī 'to lead' with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

सभाम् (sabhām) - to the assembly, to the council hall

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court, hall

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, harmed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √han 'to strike, to kill'.

Root: han (class 2)

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of Bhīma, lit. 'having a terrible army')

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, revenge

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, revenge, hatred

From 'vīra' (hero) or 'vira' (man) through 'vīrin' (hostile), leading to 'vaira' as 'hostility'.

प्रतिचिकीर्षता (praticikīrṣatā) - by one wishing to return, desiring revenge, intending to retaliate

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of praticikīrṣat

praticikīrṣat - desiring to return, wishing to retaliate, seeking revenge

Present Active Participle (desiderative)

Present active participle (instrumental singular) of the desiderative stem 'praticikīrṣa' (from √kṛ 'to do' with prefixes 'prati' and the desiderative infix 'sa', meaning 'desire to do in return' or 'seek revenge').

Prefix: prati

Root: kṛ (class 8)