महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-20, verse-2

निशाम्य च बहून्वालान्कृष्णान्पुच्छं समाश्रितान् ।
विनतां विषण्णवदनां कद्रूर्दास्ये न्ययोजयत् ॥२॥

2. niśāmya ca bahūnvālānkṛṣṇānpucchaṁ samāśritān ,
vinatāṁ viṣaṇṇavadanāṁ kadrūrdāsye nyayojayat.

2. niśāmya ca bahūn vālān kṛṣṇān puccham samāśritān |
vinatām viṣaṇṇa-vadanām | kadrūḥ dāsye nyayojayat

2. And having observed the many black hairs clinging to the horse's tail, Kadrū then appointed Vinatā, who was dejected, to a state of servitude.

Words meanings summery:

• निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having observed (having seen, having observed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• वालान् (vālān) - hairs (hairs, tail hairs)

• कृष्णान् (kṛṣṇān) - black

• पुच्छम् (puccham) - (horse's) tail (tail)

• समाश्रितान् (samāśritān) - clinging to (clinging to, having resorted to)

• विनताम् (vinatām) - Vinatā (Vinatā (acc.))

• विषण्ण-वदनाम् (viṣaṇṇa-vadanām) - dejected (dejected-faced, sad-faced)

• कद्रूः (kadrūḥ) - Kadrū (Kadrū (nom.))

• दास्ये (dāsye) - to (a state of) servitude (in servitude, in slavery)

• न्ययोजयत् (nyayojayat) - appointed (to servitude) (employed, appointed, enjoined)

Words meanings and morphology

निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having observed (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerund with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Denotes action completed before the main verb.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Agrees with 'vālān'.

वालान् (vālān) - hairs (hairs, tail hairs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāla

vāla - hair, tail hair, horse's mane

Note: Object of 'niśāmya', modified by 'bahūn' and 'kṛṣṇān'.

कृष्णान् (kṛṣṇān) - black

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - black, dark, dark-blue

Root: kṛṣ

Note: Agrees with 'vālān'.

पुच्छम् (puccham) - (horse's) tail (tail)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puccha

puccha - tail

Note: Object of 'samāśritān'.

समाश्रितान् (samāśritān) - clinging to (clinging to, having resorted to)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - clinging to, dependent on, having resorted to

past_passive_participle

past passive participle from √śri with prefixes sam-ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vālān'.

विनताम् (vinatām) - Vinatā (Vinatā (acc.))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vinatā

vinatā - Vinatā (name of a goddess)

Note: Object of 'nyayojayat', modified by 'viṣaṇṇavadanām'.

विषण्ण-वदनाम् (viṣaṇṇa-vadanām) - dejected (dejected-faced, sad-faced)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viṣaṇṇavadana

viṣaṇṇavadana - having a dejected face, sad-faced

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣaṇṇa+vadana)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, sad, dispirited
  adjective
  past_passive_participle
  from √sad (to sink) with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'vinatām'.

कद्रूः (kadrūḥ) - Kadrū (Kadrū (nom.))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kadrū

kadrū - Kadrū (name of a goddess)

Note: Subject of 'nyayojayat'.

दास्ये (dāsye) - to (a state of) servitude (in servitude, in slavery)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāsya

dāsya - servitude, slavery, state of a servant

Note: Implies 'into' or 'to' a state.

न्ययोजयत् (nyayojayat) - appointed (to servitude) (employed, appointed, enjoined)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yuj

past_imperfect_causative_verb

Imperfect 3rd person singular causative with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: 'ni' + 'ayojayat' -> 'nyayojayat' (yaṇ sandhi).