महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-157, verse-8

तपस्तप्तुमथारेभे पत्यर्थमसुखा ततः ।
तोषयामास तपसा सा किलोग्रेण शंकरम् ॥८॥

8. tapastaptumathārebhe patyarthamasukhā tataḥ ,
toṣayāmāsa tapasā sā kilogreṇa śaṁkaram.

8. tapaḥ taptum atha ārabhe patyartham asukhā
tataḥ toṣayāmāsa tapasā sā kila ugreṇa śaṅkaram

8. Unhappy because of this, she then began to practice severe austerities (tapas) for the sake of a husband. It is said that she pleased Śaṅkara with her intense penance.

Words meanings summery:

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• तप्तुम् (taptum) - to perform, to practice (austerity)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• आरभे (ārabhe) - she began, she undertook

• पत्यर्थम् (patyartham) - for the sake of a husband

• असुखा (asukhā) - unhappy, joyless

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, therefrom, then, therefore

• तोषयामास (toṣayāmāsa) - she pleased, she gratified

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

• सा (sā) - she, that

• किल (kila) - indeed, it is said, certainly

• उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - by severe, by fierce

• शङ्करम् (śaṅkaram) - Śiva, the bestower of welfare

Words meanings and morphology

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat (tapas)

तप्तुम् (taptum) - to perform, to practice (austerity)

(verb)

infinitive

infinitive suffix 'tumun'

Root: tap (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

आरभे (ārabhe) - she began, she undertook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of rab

Past imperfect

root 'rab' with prefix 'ā' and augment 'a'

Prefix: ā

Root: rab (class 1)

पत्यर्थम् (patyartham) - for the sake of a husband

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of patyartha

patyartha - for the sake of a husband

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pati+artha)

• pati – husband, lord
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often used adverbially.

असुखा (asukhā) - unhappy, joyless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asukha

asukha - unhappy, joyless, comfortless

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sukha)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• sukha – happiness, joy
  noun (neuter)

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, therefrom, then, therefore

(indeclinable)

तोषयामास (toṣayāmāsa) - she pleased, she gratified

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of tuṣ

Perfect tense, Causative

root 'tuṣ' in causative stem 'toṣaya' forming periphrastic perfect tense with 'āmāsa'

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat (tapas)

सा (sā) - she, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

किल (kila) - indeed, it is said, certainly

(indeclinable)

उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - by severe, by fierce

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, terrible, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'tapasā'.

शङ्करम् (śaṅkaram) - Śiva, the bestower of welfare

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṅkara

śaṅkara - Śiva, bestowing prosperity, causing happiness (Śaṅkara)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śam+kṛ)

• śam – welfare, prosperity
  indeclinable
• kṛ – to do, to make
  verb
  Root: kṛ (class 8)