महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-157, verse-2

तमागतमभिप्रेक्ष्य प्रत्युद्गम्य परंतपाः ।
प्रणिपत्याभिवाद्यैनं तस्थुः प्राञ्जलयस्तदा ॥२॥

2. tamāgatamabhiprekṣya pratyudgamya paraṁtapāḥ ,
praṇipatyābhivādyainaṁ tasthuḥ prāñjalayastadā.

2. tam āgatam abhiprekṣya prati udgamya parantapāḥ |
praṇipatya abhivādya enam tasthuḥ prāñjalayaḥ tadā

2. Perceiving him upon his arrival, those vanquishers of foes (parantapa) went forward to greet him. After prostrating themselves and saluting him, they then stood with folded hands.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Vyāsa) (him, that)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived (arrived, come)

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - perceiving (having seen, having perceived, observing)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, in return)

• उद्गम्य (udgamya) - having gone forth to meet (having gone forth)

• परन्तपाः (parantapāḥ) - vanquishers of foes (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (vanquishers of foes, scorchers of enemies)

• प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having prostrated themselves (having prostrated, having bowed down)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted (having saluted, having greeted)

• एनम् (enam) - him (Vyāsa) (him, this one)

• तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - they stood (stood)

• प्राञ्जलयः (prāñjalayaḥ) - with folded hands (with folded hands, respectful)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Vyāsa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of abhiprekṣya and āgatam.

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived (arrived, come)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, returned

Past Passive Participle

from ā-gam (to come, arrive)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam.

अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - perceiving (having seen, having perceived, observing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from abhi-pra-īkṣ (to perceive, observe)

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, in return)

(indeclinable)

Note: upasarga

उद्गम्य (udgamya) - having gone forth to meet (having gone forth)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from ud-gam (to go forth, ascend)

Prefix: ud

Root: gam (class 1)

परन्तपाः (parantapāḥ) - vanquishers of foes (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (vanquishers of foes, scorchers of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parantapa

parantapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies, hero

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – scorching, burning, afflicting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Verbal Adjective
  from root tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of tasthuḥ.

प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having prostrated themselves (having prostrated, having bowed down)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from pra-ni-pat (to fall down, prostrate)

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted (having saluted, having greeted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from abhi-vad (to salute, greet)

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

एनम् (enam) - him (Vyāsa) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, him

Note: Object of abhivādya.

तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - they stood (stood)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect 3rd plural, active voice

Root: sthā (class 1)

प्राञ्जलयः (prāñjalayaḥ) - with folded hands (with folded hands, respectful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāñjali

prāñjali - with folded hands (as a sign of respect or salutation)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forth, forward, indicating intensity
  indeclinable
• añjali – the hollow of the hands, folded hands
  noun (masculine)
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with parantapāḥ (implied Pāṇḍavas).

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)