महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-148, verse-2

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
उपपन्नं सतामेतद्यद्ब्रवीषि तपोधने ।
न तु दुःखमिदं शक्यं मानुषेण व्यपोहितुम् ॥२॥

2. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
upapannaṁ satāmetadyadbravīṣi tapodhane ,
na tu duḥkhamidaṁ śakyaṁ mānuṣeṇa vyapohitum.

2. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca | upapannam satām etat yat bravīṣi
tapodhane | na tu duḥkham idam śakyam mānuṣeṇa vyapohitum

2. The Brahmin said: "What you say, O ascetic (tapodhana), is indeed appropriate for good people. However, this sorrow cannot be removed by a human being."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin, a priest

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उपपन्नम् (upapannam) - appropriate, suitable, endowed with

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous people

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

• ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi) - you say, you speak

• तपोधने (tapodhane) - O ascetic, O treasure of austerity

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

• इदम् (idam) - this

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be, can be done

• मानुषेण (mānuṣeṇa) - by a human being, by a man

• व्यपोहितुम् (vyapohitum) - to remove, to dispel, to ward off

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin, a priest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a priest, one belonging to the priestly class

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect Active

Root: vac (class 2)

उपपन्नम् (upapannam) - appropriate, suitable, endowed with

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upapanna

upapanna - appropriate, suitable, endowed with, accomplished, happened

Past Passive Participle

from upa + pad

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective here.

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous people

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real

Present Active Participle

from as 'to be'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used as a substantive, meaning 'of good people'.

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the statement made.

यत् (yat) - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause.

ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi) - you say, you speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present Active

2nd person singular, Present Active

Root: brū (class 2)

तपोधने (tapodhane) - O ascetic, O treasure of austerity

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is austerity, ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, treasure, property
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

Note: Subject of the passive verb śakyam.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Modifies duḥkham.

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be, can be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, able to be done, capable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

from śak 'to be able'

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective.

मानुषेण (mānuṣeṇa) - by a human being, by a man

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, a human being, man

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

व्यपोहितुम् (vyapohitum) - to remove, to dispel, to ward off

(verb)

infinitive of vyapoh

Infinitive

from vi + apa + uh

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Used with śakyam.