महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-129, verse-5

प्रज्ञाचक्षुरचक्षुष्ट्वाद्धृतराष्ट्रो जनेश्वरः ।
राज्यमप्राप्तवान्पूर्वं स कथं नृपतिर्भवेत् ॥५॥

5. prajñācakṣuracakṣuṣṭvāddhṛtarāṣṭro janeśvaraḥ ,
rājyamaprāptavānpūrvaṁ sa kathaṁ nṛpatirbhavet.

5. prajñācakṣuḥ acakṣuṣṭvāt dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ janeśvaraḥ
rājyam aprāptavān pūrvam saḥ katham nṛpatiḥ bhavet

5. Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the lord of men, whose 'eyes' are wisdom (prajñā-cakṣuḥ), did not obtain the kingdom previously due to his actual blindness (acakṣuṣṭva). How, then, can he now be a ruler?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रज्ञाचक्षुः (prajñācakṣuḥ) - one whose eye is wisdom, wise-eyed

• अचक्षुष्ट्वात् (acakṣuṣṭvāt) - due to blindness, on account of being eyeless

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name)

• जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - lord of men, king

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

• अप्राप्तवान् (aprāptavān) - did not obtain, had not reached

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• सः (saḥ) - he

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler, lord of men

• भवेत् (bhavet) - he may be, he should be, he would be

Words meanings and morphology

प्रज्ञाचक्षुः (prajñācakṣuḥ) - one whose eye is wisdom, wise-eyed

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajñācakṣus

prajñācakṣus - one whose eyes are knowledge/wisdom, wise-eyed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prajñā+cakṣus)

• prajñā – wisdom, knowledge, insight
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• cakṣus – eye, sight
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

अचक्षुष्ट्वात् (acakṣuṣṭvāt) - due to blindness, on account of being eyeless

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of acakṣuṣṭva

acakṣuṣṭva - blindness, state of being eyeless

Formed with suffix -tva from acakṣus 'eyeless'. Derived from a (negation) + cakṣus (eye).

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (son of Vyāsa and Ambikā, king of Hastinapura, father of Kauravas)

Literally 'one who upholds the kingdom'. Compound of dhṛta (held/maintained) and rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, maintained, supported
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhṛ 'to hold, support'. Used as first part of compound.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, nation
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - lord of men, king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound of jana (people, men) and īśvara (lord, master).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, controller
  noun (masculine)
  From √īś 'to rule, to be master of'. Agent noun.
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Epithet for Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, royal office

From rājan (king) + -ya suffix.

अप्राप्तवान् (aprāptavān) - did not obtain, had not reached

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprāptavat

aprāptavat - one who has not obtained, not having reached

Past Active Participle

From a (negation) + pra-√āp 'to obtain, reach', with suffix -tavat. Masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially. Adjective meaning 'previous' or 'eastern' in other contexts.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular of tad.

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler, lord of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)
  From √pā 'to protect', agent noun.
  Root: pā (class 2)

भवेत् (bhavet) - he may be, he should be, he would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative

From √bhū 'to be', optative active 3rd singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)