महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-129, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्राणाधिकं भीमसेनं कृतविद्यं धनंजयम् ।
दुर्योधनो लक्षयित्व पर्यतप्यत दुर्मतिः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
prāṇādhikaṁ bhīmasenaṁ kṛtavidyaṁ dhanaṁjayam ,
duryodhano lakṣayitva paryatapyata durmatiḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca prāṇādhikam bhīmasenam kṛtavidyam
dhanañjayam duryodhanaḥ lakṣayitvā paryatapyata durmatiḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: The evil-minded Duryodhana, observing Bhīmasena, who was dearer than life (prāṇādhika), and Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), who was accomplished in knowledge (kṛtavidya), became distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• प्राणाधिकम् (prāṇādhikam) - dearer than life, more than life

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena (Bhīma)

• कृतविद्यम् (kṛtavidyam) - accomplished in knowledge, learned

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• लक्षयित्वा (lakṣayitvā) - having observed, having perceived

• पर्यतप्यत (paryatapyata) - he lamented, he became distressed, he grieved

• दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, foolish, ill-disposed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राणाधिकम् (prāṇādhikam) - dearer than life, more than life

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇādhika

prāṇādhika - dearer than life, superior to life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+adhika)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• adhika – more, excessive, superior
  adjective (masculine)

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena (Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas)

कृतविद्यम् (kṛtavidyam) - accomplished in knowledge, learned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtavidya

kṛtavidya - learned, accomplished in knowledge

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+vidya)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root kṛ + kta
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vidya – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vid (class 4)

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Dhanañjaya (an epithet of Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest of the Kauravas)

लक्षयित्वा (lakṣayitvā) - having observed, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Causative form of root lakṣ

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Absolutive (gerund)

पर्यतप्यत (paryatapyata) - he lamented, he became distressed, he grieved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Imperfect (Laṅ) of tap

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 4)

दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, foolish, ill-disposed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, foolish, ill-disposed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• mati – mind, thought, intellect, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man (class 4)