महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-129, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्राणाधिकं भीमसेनं कृतविद्यं धनंजयम् ।
दुर्योधनो लक्षयित्व पर्यतप्यत दुर्मतिः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
prāṇādhikaṁ bhīmasenaṁ kṛtavidyaṁ dhanaṁjayam ,
duryodhano lakṣayitva paryatapyata durmatiḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca prāṇādhikam bhīmasenam kṛtavidyam
dhanañjayam duryodhanaḥ lakṣayitvā paryatapyata durmatiḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: The evil-minded Duryodhana, observing Bhīmasena, who was dearer than life (prāṇādhika), and Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), who was accomplished in knowledge (kṛtavidya), became distressed.

1. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, כשראה דוּרְיוֹדְהַנַה בעל המחשבות הרעות את בְּהִימַסֵנַה, בעל כוח חיים עצום, ואת דְהַנַנְג׳ַיַה שסיים את לימודיו, הוא התייסר.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• प्राणाधिकम् (prāṇādhikam) - dearer than life, more than life

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena (Bhīma)

• कृतविद्यम् (kṛtavidyam) - accomplished in knowledge, learned

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• लक्षयित्वा (lakṣayitvā) - having observed, having perceived

• पर्यतप्यत (paryatapyata) - he lamented, he became distressed, he grieved

• दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, foolish, ill-disposed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राणाधिकम् (prāṇādhikam) - dearer than life, more than life

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇādhika

prāṇādhika - dearer than life, superior to life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+adhika)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• adhika – more, excessive, superior
  adjective (masculine)

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena (Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas)

कृतविद्यम् (kṛtavidyam) - accomplished in knowledge, learned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtavidya

kṛtavidya - learned, accomplished in knowledge

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+vidya)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root kṛ + kta
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vidya – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vid (class 4)

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Dhanañjaya (an epithet of Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest of the Kauravas)

लक्षयित्वा (lakṣayitvā) - having observed, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Causative form of root lakṣ

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Absolutive (gerund)

पर्यतप्यत (paryatapyata) - he lamented, he became distressed, he grieved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Imperfect (Laṅ) of tap

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 4)

दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, foolish, ill-disposed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, foolish, ill-disposed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• mati – mind, thought, intellect, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man (class 4)

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