महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-129, verse-17

सततं निरयं प्राप्ताः परपिण्डोपजीविनः ।
न भवेम यथा राजंस्तथा शीघ्रं विधीयताम् ॥१७॥

17. satataṁ nirayaṁ prāptāḥ parapiṇḍopajīvinaḥ ,
na bhavema yathā rājaṁstathā śīghraṁ vidhīyatām.

17. satatam nirayam prāptāḥ parapiṇḍopajīvinaḥ na
bhavema yathā rājan tathā śīghram vidhīyatām

17. O King, let arrangements be made swiftly so that we do not become perpetually consigned to hell, living off the charity of others.

Words meanings summery:

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell, to a miserable state

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - consigned to (having attained, reached)

• परपिण्डोपजीविनः (parapiṇḍopajīvinaḥ) - living on the food of others, subsisting on others' charity

• न (na) - not

• भवेम (bhavema) - we may become, we should become

• यथा (yathā) - as, so that, in which way

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O King)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - let it be done, let it be arranged

Words meanings and morphology

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

from 'saṃ-tat' (to extend, stretch)

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell, to a miserable state

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, underworld, miserable state

derived from 'nir-i' (to go down)

Prefix: nis

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of implied motion (prāptāḥ with accusative)

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - consigned to (having attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, received

Past Passive Participle

derived from pra-āp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies the implied 'we' (vayam).

परपिण्डोपजीविनः (parapiṇḍopajīvinaḥ) - living on the food of others, subsisting on others' charity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parapiṇḍopajīvin

parapiṇḍopajīvin - living on others' food/charity

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+piṇḍa+upajīvin)

• para – other, alien
  adjective (masculine)
• piṇḍa – lump of food, ball of rice, subsistence
  noun (masculine)
• upajīvin – living by, subsisting on
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from upa-jīv
  suffix -in
  Prefix: upa
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'we' (vayam).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

भवेम (bhavema) - we may become, we should become

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses wish or possibility.

यथा (yathā) - as, so that, in which way

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the purpose clause.

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - let it be done, let it be arranged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of vidhā

root 'dhā' with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Expresses command or request.