योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-4

तज्जाग्रज्जाग्रतीवेह न तु स्वप्नः कदाचन ।
स्वप्ने स्वप्नो जाग्रदेव न तु जाग्रत्कदाचन ॥ ४ ॥

tajjāgrajjāgratīveha na tu svapnaḥ kadācana ,
svapne svapno jāgradeva na tu jāgratkadācana 4

4. tat jāgrat jāgrat iva iha na tu svapnaḥ kadācana
svapne svapnaḥ jāgrat eva na tu jāgrat kadācana

4. iha tat jāgrat jāgrat iva,
tu na svapnaḥ kadācana; svapne svapnaḥ jāgrat eva,
tu na jāgrat kadācana

4. Here, the waking state is indeed like waking; it is certainly never a dream. Similarly, in a dream, the dream itself is verily like the waking state; it is certainly never the waking state.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - 'that' (referring to the waking state mentioned earlier) (that, it)

• जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - the waking state, as the subject of the assertion (waking, awake, the waking state)

• जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - truly like waking; predicate nominative (waking, awake, the waking state)

• इव (iva) - indicates comparison, 'like' (like, as, as if)

• इह (iha) - in this (waking) experience, in the present state of existence (here, in this world)

• न (na) - negation (not)

• तु (tu) - introduces a contrast, 'but' (but, on the other hand, however)

• स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - the dreaming state; predicate nominative (dream, sleep)

• कदाचन (kadācana) - certainly never (never, at any time (with negation))

• स्वप्ने (svapne) - in the dreaming state (in a dream, in the dream state)

• स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - the dreaming state; subject of the assertion (dream, sleep)

• जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - truly like waking; predicate nominative (waking, awake, the waking state)

• एव (eva) - verily, emphasizes the assertion (indeed, only, truly)

• न (na) - negation (not)

• तु (tu) - introduces a contrast, 'but' (but, on the other hand, however)

• जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - the waking state; predicate nominative (waking, awake, the waking state)

• कदाचन (kadācana) - certainly never (never, at any time (with negation))

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - 'that' (referring to the waking state mentioned earlier) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

Note: Refers to jāgrat (the waking state).

जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - the waking state, as the subject of the assertion (waking, awake, the waking state)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake, vigilant, the waking state

Present Active Participle

From root jāgṛ (to wake)

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Refers to the state itself, hence neuter nominative singular.

जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - truly like waking; predicate nominative (waking, awake, the waking state)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake, vigilant, the waking state

Present Active Participle

From root jāgṛ (to wake)

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Used as predicate nominative (it is 'waking').

इव (iva) - indicates comparison, 'like' (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - in this (waking) experience, in the present state of existence (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - negation (not)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - introduces a contrast, 'but' (but, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - the dreaming state; predicate nominative (dream, sleep)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - dream, sleep, dreaming state

From root svap (to sleep) + na suffix

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative.

कदाचन (kadācana) - certainly never (never, at any time (with negation))

(indeclinable)

Compound of kadā (when) and cana (indefinite particle).

स्वप्ने (svapne) - in the dreaming state (in a dream, in the dream state)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - dream, sleep, dreaming state

From root svap (to sleep) + na suffix

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Refers to the sphere of action/existence.

स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - the dreaming state; subject of the assertion (dream, sleep)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - dream, sleep, dreaming state

From root svap (to sleep) + na suffix

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Subject nominative.

जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - truly like waking; predicate nominative (waking, awake, the waking state)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake, vigilant, the waking state

Present Active Participle

From root jāgṛ (to wake)

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative.

एव (eva) - verily, emphasizes the assertion (indeed, only, truly)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - negation (not)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - introduces a contrast, 'but' (but, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - the waking state; predicate nominative (waking, awake, the waking state)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake, vigilant, the waking state

Present Active Participle

From root jāgṛ (to wake)

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative.

कदाचन (kadācana) - certainly never (never, at any time (with negation))

(indeclinable)

Compound of kadā (when) and cana (indefinite particle).